From the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (N.H., J.L.D.), Tufts University, Medford, MA.
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine (M.E., D.B.), Tufts University, Medford, MA.
Hypertension. 2021 Mar 3;77(3):823-832. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15580. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to increased prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure (BP) for residents of near-highway neighborhoods. Relatively few studies have investigated the effects of reducing TRAP exposure on short-term changes in BP. We assessed whether reducing indoor TRAP concentrations by using stand-alone high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters and limiting infiltration through doors and windows effectively prevented acute (ie, over a span of hours) increases in BP. Using a 3-period crossover design, 77 participants were randomized to attend three 2-hour-long exposure sessions separated by 1-week washout periods. Each participant was exposed to high, medium, and low TRAP concentrations in a room near an interstate highway. Particle number concentrations, black carbon concentrations, and temperature were monitored continuously. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and heart rate were measured every 10 minutes. Outcomes were analyzed with a linear mixed model. The primary outcome was the change in SBP from 20 minutes from the start of exposure. SBP increased with exposure duration, and the amount of increase was related to the magnitude of exposure. The mean change in SBP was 0.6 mm Hg for low exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 2500 particles/cm and 149 ng/m), 1.3 mm Hg for medium exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 11 000 particles/cm and 409 ng/m), and 2.8 mm Hg for high exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 30 000 particles/cm and 826 ng/m; linear trend =0.019). There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes, diastolic BP, or heart rate. In conclusion, reducing indoor concentrations of TRAP was effective in preventing acute increases in SBP.
暴露于交通相关的空气污染（TRAP）可能会导致居住在高速公路附近的居民高血压和血压升高的患病率增加。相对较少的研究调查了降低 TRAP 暴露对血压短期变化的影响。我们评估了使用独立的高效微粒空气捕集（HEPA）过滤器和限制门窗渗透来降低室内 TRAP 浓度是否能有效防止血压的急性（即在数小时内）升高。使用 3 期交叉设计，77 名参与者被随机分配到 3 个为期 2 小时的暴露阶段，每个阶段之间有 1 周的洗脱期。每个参与者都在靠近州际公路的房间内暴露于高、中、低 TRAP 浓度下。连续监测粒子数浓度、黑碳浓度和温度。每隔 10 分钟测量一次收缩压（SBP）、舒张压和心率。使用线性混合模型分析结果。主要结果是暴露开始后 20 分钟时 SBP 的变化。SBP 随暴露时间的增加而增加，增加量与暴露程度有关。低暴露时 SBP 的平均变化为 0.6mmHg（平均粒子数和黑碳浓度分别为 2500 个/cm 和 149ng/m），中暴露时为 1.3mmHg（平均粒子数和黑碳浓度分别为 11000 个/cm 和 409ng/m），高暴露时为 2.8mmHg（平均粒子数和黑碳浓度分别为 30000 个/cm 和 826ng/m；线性趋势=0.019）。次要结果（舒张压或心率）没有统计学差异。总之，降低室内 TRAP 浓度能有效防止 SBP 的急性升高。
