Aparicio Ainoa, Grossbard Shoshana
University of Turin, IZA, GLO, and CHILD, Turin, Italy.
San Diego State University, Family Inequality Network at University of Chicago, IZA, CESifo, and GLO, San Diego, CA USA.
Rev Econ Househ. 2021;19(2):307-326. doi: 10.1007/s11150-020-09532-9. Epub 2021 Jan 16.
The COVID crisis has severely hit both the United States and Europe. We construct comparable measures of the death toll of the COVID crisis suffered by US states and 35 European countries: cumulative fatalities attributed to COVID at 100 days since the pandemic's onset in a particular nation/state. When taking account of demographic, economic, and political factors (but not health-policy related factors) we find that, controlling for population size, cumulative deaths are between 100 and 130% higher in a US state than in a European country. We no longer find a US/EUROPE gap in fatalities from COVID after taking account of how each nation/state implemented social distance measures. This suggests that various types of social distance measures such as school closings and lockdowns, and how soon they were implemented, help explain the US/EUROPE gap in cumulative deaths measured 100 days after the pandemic's onset in a state or country.
新冠疫情危机对美国和欧洲都造成了严重冲击。我们构建了美国各州和35个欧洲国家新冠疫情危机死亡人数的可比指标：自特定国家/州疫情爆发100天以来归因于新冠的累计死亡人数。在考虑人口、经济和政治因素（但不包括与卫生政策相关的因素）时，我们发现，在控制人口规模的情况下，美国一个州的累计死亡人数比欧洲国家高出100%至130%。在考虑了每个国家/州实施社交距离措施的方式后，我们不再发现美国和欧洲在新冠死亡人数上存在差距。这表明，诸如学校关闭和封锁等各类社交距离措施以及实施的时间早晚，有助于解释在一个州或国家疫情爆发100天后所衡量的美国与欧洲在累计死亡人数上的差距。
