Zhou Jia, Cavagnaro Timothy R, De Bei Roberta, Nelson Tiffanie M, Stephen John R, Metcalfe Andrew, Gilliham Matthew, Breen James, Collins Cassandra, López Carlos M Rodríguez
School of Agriculture Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jan 7;11:597944. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597944. eCollection 2020.
A wines' terroir, represented as wine traits with regional distinctiveness, is a reflection of both the biophysical and human-driven conditions in which the grapes were grown and wine made. Soil is an important factor contributing to the uniqueness of a wine produced by vines grown in specific conditions. Here, we evaluated the impact of environmental variables on the soil bacteria of 22 Barossa Valley vineyard sites based on the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable region 4. In this study, we report that both dispersal isolation by geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity (soil plant-available P content, elevation, rainfall, temperature, spacing between row and spacing between vine) contribute to microbial community dissimilarity between vineyards. Vineyards located in cooler and wetter regions showed lower beta diversity and a higher ratio of dominant taxa. Differences in soil bacterial community composition were significantly associated with differences in fruit and wine composition. Our results suggest that environmental factors affecting wine terroir, may be mediated by changes in microbial structure, thus providing a basic understanding of how growing conditions affect interactions between plants and their soil bacteria.
葡萄酒的风土条件，表现为具有地域特色的葡萄酒特质，反映了葡萄种植和葡萄酒酿造过程中的生物物理条件以及人为因素。土壤是影响特定条件下葡萄藤所产葡萄酒独特性的重要因素。在此，我们基于16S rRNA基因高变区4评估了环境变量对巴罗萨谷22个葡萄园土壤细菌的影响。在本研究中，我们报告称，地理距离造成的扩散隔离和环境异质性（土壤有效磷含量、海拔、降雨量、温度、行距和株距）均导致葡萄园之间微生物群落的差异。位于较凉爽和湿润地区的葡萄园表现出较低的β多样性和较高的优势类群比例。土壤细菌群落组成的差异与果实和葡萄酒成分的差异显著相关。我们的结果表明，影响葡萄酒风土条件的环境因素可能通过微生物结构的变化来介导，从而为了解生长条件如何影响植物与其土壤细菌之间的相互作用提供了基本认识。
