Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Jan 25;40(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-01845-6.
Recent scientific advances have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex link between the gut microbiome and cancer. Gut dysbiosis is an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria and the production of microbial antigens and metabolites. The immune system and the gut microbiome interact to maintain homeostasis of the gut, and alterations in the microbiome composition lead to immune dysregulation, promoting chronic inflammation and development of tumors. Gut microorganisms and their toxic metabolites may migrate to other parts of the body via the circulatory system, causing an imbalance in the physiological status of the host and secretion of various neuroactive molecules through the gut-brain axis, gut-hepatic axis, and gut-lung axis to affect inflammation and tumorigenesis in specific organs. Thus, gut microbiota can be used as a tumor marker and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of malignant tumors.
近年来，科学的进步极大地增进了我们对肠道微生物组与癌症之间复杂联系的理解。肠道菌群失调是共生菌和致病菌之间以及微生物抗原和代谢物产生之间的失衡。免疫系统和肠道微生物组相互作用以维持肠道的内稳态，而微生物组组成的改变会导致免疫失调，促进慢性炎症和肿瘤的发展。肠道微生物及其有毒代谢物可能通过循环系统迁移到身体的其他部位，通过肠道-大脑轴、肠道-肝脏轴和肠道-肺轴导致宿主生理状态失衡和各种神经活性分子的分泌，从而影响特定器官的炎症和肿瘤发生。因此，肠道微生物组可以作为肿瘤标志物，并可能为恶性肿瘤的发病机制提供新的见解。
