Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Feb 8;31(2):382-395. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.023. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of EH is unclear and early diagnostic methods are lacking. Metabolomics demonstrates great potential for biomarker discovery and the mechanistic exploration of metabolic diseases.
This review included human and animal metabolomics studies related to EH in the PubMed and Web of Science databases between February 1996 and May 2020. The study designs, EH standards, and reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. The pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 4.0. Twenty-two human studies and fifteen animal studies were included in this systematic review. There were many frequently reported biomarkers with consistent trends (e.g., pyruvate, lactic acid, valine, and tryptophan) in human and animal studies, and thus had potential as biomarkers of EH. In addition, several shared metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis, were identified in human and animal metabolomics studies. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to insulin resistance, the inflammatory state, and impaired nitric oxide production, were demonstrated to contribute to EH development.
This study summarized valuable metabolic biomarkers and pathways that could offer opportunities for the early diagnosis or prediction of EH and the discovery of the metabolic mechanisms of EH.
原发性高血压（EH）是全球最重要的公共卫生问题之一。然而，EH 的发病机制尚不清楚，且缺乏早期诊断方法。代谢组学在生物标志物发现和代谢性疾病的机制探索方面具有巨大潜力。
本综述纳入了 1996 年 2 月至 2020 年 5 月期间在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中与 EH 相关的人类和动物代谢组学研究。系统地检查和比较了研究设计、EH 标准和报告的代谢生物标志物。通过在线软件 MetaboAnalyst 4.0 进行途径分析。本系统综述共纳入 22 项人类研究和 15 项动物研究。在人类和动物研究中，有许多经常报道的具有一致趋势的生物标志物（如丙酮酸、乳酸、缬氨酸和色氨酸），因此具有作为 EH 生物标志物的潜力。此外，在人类和动物代谢组学研究中还确定了几个共享的代谢途径，包括丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、氨酰-tRNA 生物合成和精氨酸生物合成。这些与胰岛素抵抗、炎症状态和一氧化氮产生受损密切相关的生物标志物和途径，被证明有助于 EH 的发生发展。
本研究总结了有价值的代谢生物标志物和途径，为 EH 的早期诊断或预测以及 EH 的代谢机制的发现提供了机会。
