Biocentre, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hans-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 555128 Mainz, Germany.
Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
J Cell Sci. 2021 Jan 25;134(2):jcs247874. doi: 10.1242/jcs.247874.
Bidirectional transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells, in which the genetic material is compartmentalized inside the nucleus. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the major gateway to the nucleus and it regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport, which is key to processes including transcriptional regulation and cell cycle control. Accordingly, components of the nuclear transport machinery are often found to be dysregulated or hijacked in diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide an overview of our current understanding of cargo transport through the NPC, from the basic transport signals and machinery to more emerging aspects, all from a 'cargo perspective'. Among these, we discuss the transport of large cargoes (>15 nm), as well as the roles of different cargo properties to nuclear transport, from size and number of bound nuclear transport receptors (NTRs), to surface and mechanical properties.
大分子在核膜两侧的双向运输是真核细胞的一个标志特征，真核细胞的遗传物质被分隔在细胞核内。核孔复合体（NPC）是进入细胞核的主要通道，它调节核质转运，这对包括转录调控和细胞周期控制在内的过程至关重要。因此，核转运机制的成分在疾病中经常被发现失调或被劫持。在这篇《细胞科学一览》文章和配套海报中，我们从“货物视角”概述了我们目前对通过 NPC 的货物运输的理解，包括基本的运输信号和机制，以及更新兴的方面。其中，我们讨论了大于 15nm 的大货物的运输，以及不同货物特性对核转运的作用，从结合核转运受体（NTR）的数量和大小，到表面和机械特性。
