Zakirova Elvira G, Muzyka Vladimir V, Mazunin Ilya O, Orishchenko Konstantin E
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Department of Genetic Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Life (Basel). 2021 Jan 20;11(2):76. doi: 10.3390/life11020076.
The generally accepted theory of the genetic drift of mitochondrial alleles during mammalian ontogenesis is based on the presence of a selective bottleneck in the female germline. However, there is a variety of different theories on the pathways of genetic regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dynamics in oogenesis and adult somatic cells. The current review summarizes present knowledge on the natural mechanisms of mitochondrial genome elimination during mammalian development. We also discuss the variety of existing and developing methodologies for artificial manipulation of the mtDNA heteroplasmy level. Understanding of the basics of mtDNA dynamics will shed the light on the pathogenesis and potential therapies of human diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
关于哺乳动物个体发育过程中线粒体等位基因遗传漂变的普遍接受的理论是基于雌性生殖系中存在选择性瓶颈。然而，关于卵子发生和成年体细胞中线粒体DNA（mtDNA）动态遗传调控途径存在多种不同理论。本综述总结了目前关于哺乳动物发育过程中线粒体基因组消除自然机制的知识。我们还讨论了用于人工操纵mtDNA异质性水平的各种现有和正在开发的方法。对mtDNA动态基础的理解将为与线粒体功能障碍相关的人类疾病的发病机制和潜在治疗方法提供线索。
