Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 123 W Franklin Street, Building C, Chapel Hill, NC27516, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2105 E McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Dec;24(17):5730-5742. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021000367. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
To determine whether disparities exist in the nutritional quality of packaged foods and beverage purchases by household income, education and race/ethnicity and if they changed over time.
We used Nielsen Homescan, a nationally representative household panel, from 2008 to 2018 (n = 672 821 household-year observations). Multivariate, multilevel regressions were used to model the association between sociodemographic groups and a set of nutritional outcomes of public health interest, including nutrients of concern (sugar, saturated fat and Na) and calories from specific food groups (fruits, non-starchy vegetables, processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages and junk foods).
Household panel survey.
Approximately 60 000 households each year from the USA.
Disparities were found by income and education for most outcomes and widened for purchases of fruits, vegetables and the percentage of calories from sugar between 2008 and 2018. The magnitude of disparities was largest by education. Disparities between Black and White households include the consumption of processed meats and the percentage of calories from sugar, while no disparities were found between White and Hispanic households. Disparities have been largely persistent, as any significant changes over time have been substantively small.
Policies to improve the healthfulness of packaged foods must be expanded beyond SSB taxes, and future research should focus on what mediates the relationship between education and diet so as not to exacerbate disparities.
确定家庭收入、教育程度和种族/民族差异是否存在于包装食品和饮料购买的营养质量差异，如果存在差异，这些差异是否随时间而变化。
我们使用了全国代表性家庭小组的尼尔森家庭扫描（Nielsen Homescan），时间跨度为 2008 年至 2018 年（n = 672821 户年观察）。使用多元、多层次回归模型来模拟社会人口统计学群体与一系列公共卫生感兴趣的营养结果之间的关系，包括关注的营养素（糖、饱和脂肪和 Na）和特定食物组的卡路里（水果、非淀粉类蔬菜、加工肉类、含糖饮料和垃圾食品）。
家庭小组调查。
来自美国的每年约 60000 户家庭。
大多数结果都存在收入和教育方面的差异，而且在 2008 年至 2018 年期间，水果、蔬菜和糖卡路里的比例的购买差异也在扩大。教育程度的差异最大。黑人和白人家庭之间的差异包括加工肉类和糖卡路里的比例，而白人和西班牙裔家庭之间没有差异。差异基本保持不变，因为任何随时间的显著变化都很小。
为了改善包装食品的健康性，政策必须扩大到 SSB 税之外，未来的研究应该集中在教育和饮食之间的关系是什么，以避免加剧差异。
