Department of Population Policies and Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai400088, India.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Apr;24(6):1304-1317. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021000343. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
The primary purpose of this study is to examine changes in socio-economic inequality in nutritional status (stunting and underweight) among children in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states.
The study is based on the most recent two wave's cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005-2006 (NFHS-3) and 2015-2016 (NFHS-4). The study used height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) of children as anthropometric indicators.
EAG states including Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh in India.
The study includes a total of 11 858 (NFHS-3) and 92 630 (NFHS-4) children under 5 years of age.
The socio-economic inequality in stunting remained unchanged in all EAG states. At the same time, the inequality in underweight decreased during 2005-2016. On decomposing, the factors contributing to socio-economic inequality revealed that household wealth index, mother's education and mother's nutritional status were the largest contributors to stunting (47 %, 24 % and 8 %) and underweight (51 %, 21 % and 16 %), respectively, in 2015-2016.
The study concluded the socio-economic inequality in underweight among children under 5 years of age increased over the years in EAG states in India. Altogether, household wealth index, mother's education and mother's nutritional status contributed to nearly 80 % to inequality in stunting and 90 % to inequality in underweight in 2015-2016. Hence, efforts should be made to minimise the socio-economic inequality in the nutritional status of children, particularly in EAG states in India.
本研究的主要目的是检验印度强化行动小组（EAG）各州儿童营养状况（发育迟缓与消瘦）的社会经济不平等程度的变化。
本研究基于 2005-2006 年（国家家庭健康调查-3，NFHS-3）和 2015-2016 年（国家家庭健康调查-4，NFHS-4）最近两轮的横截面数据。本研究使用儿童身高与年龄比（发育迟缓）和体重与年龄比（消瘦）作为人体测量指标。
印度的 EAG 各州，包括比哈尔邦、恰蒂斯加尔邦、恰尔康得邦、中央邦、奥里萨邦、拉贾斯坦邦、北阿坎德邦和北方邦。
本研究共包括 11 858 名（NFHS-3）和 92 630 名（NFHS-4）5 岁以下儿童。
在所有 EAG 州，发育迟缓的社会经济不平等程度保持不变。与此同时，2005-2016 年间消瘦的不平等程度有所下降。分解后，造成社会经济不平等的因素表明，家庭财富指数、母亲教育和母亲营养状况是导致发育迟缓（2015-2016 年分别为 47%、24%和 8%）和消瘦（51%、21%和 16%）的最大因素。
本研究得出结论，印度 EAG 各州 5 岁以下儿童消瘦的社会经济不平等程度逐年增加。总的来说，家庭财富指数、母亲教育和母亲营养状况对 2015-2016 年发育迟缓的不平等程度和消瘦的不平等程度分别贡献了近 80%和 90%。因此，应努力减少儿童营养状况的社会经济不平等，特别是在印度的 EAG 各州。
