Jiang Zhulin, Li Shuihong, Zhu Cuiming, Zhou Runjie, Leung Polly H M
Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Pathogens. 2021 Jan 25;10(2):119. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020119.
is a major causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia which can lead to both acute upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation, and extrapulmonary syndromes. Refractory pneumonia caused by can be life-threatening, especially in infants and the elderly. Here, based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature related to the respective area, we summarize the virulence factors of and the major pathogenic mechanisms mediated by the pathogen: adhesion to host cells, direct cytotoxicity against host cells, inflammatory response-induced immune injury, and immune evasion. The increasing rate of macrolide-resistant strains and the harmful side effects of other sensitive antibiotics (e.g., respiratory quinolones and tetracyclines) in young children make it difficult to treat, and increase the health risk or re-infections. Hence, there is an urgent need for development of an effective vaccine to prevent infections in children. Various types of vaccines have been reported, including whole-cell vaccines (inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines), subunit vaccines (involving protein P1, protein P30, protein P116 and CARDS toxin) and DNA vaccines. This narrative review summarizes the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying infection and highlights the relevant vaccines that have been developed and their reported effectiveness.
是社区获得性肺炎的主要病原体，可导致急性上呼吸道和下呼吸道炎症以及肺外综合征。由其引起的难治性肺炎可能危及生命，尤其是在婴儿和老年人中。在此，基于对相关领域科学文献的全面综述，我们总结了该病原体的毒力因子以及由该病原体介导的主要致病机制：与宿主细胞的粘附、对宿主细胞的直接细胞毒性、炎症反应诱导的免疫损伤和免疫逃逸。大环内酯类耐药菌株的增加率以及其他敏感抗生素（如呼吸喹诺酮类和四环素类）对幼儿的有害副作用使得治疗变得困难，并增加了健康风险或再次感染的风险。因此，迫切需要开发一种有效的疫苗来预防儿童感染。已经报道了各种类型的该病原体疫苗，包括全细胞疫苗（灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗）、亚单位疫苗（涉及该病原体蛋白P1、蛋白P30、蛋白P116和CARDS毒素）和DNA疫苗。本叙述性综述总结了该病原体感染的关键致病机制，并强调了已开发的相关疫苗及其报道的有效性。
