Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia.
Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 25;13(2):356. doi: 10.3390/nu13020356.
In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood.
Studies that measured dietary intake (patterns of diet, indices, food groups, nutrients) and any inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents aged 2 to19 years and published until November 2020 were included in this systematic review, and were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines through the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, Medline COMPLETE and Web of Science-Core Collection. A total of 53 articles were identified.
Results show that adequate adherence to healthful dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, or food groups such as vegetables and fruit, or macro/micro nutrients such as fibre or vitamin C and E, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, mainly c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whereas adherence to a Western dietary pattern, as well as intake of food groups such as added sugars, macro-nutrients such as saturated fatty acids or ultra-processed foods, is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory biomarkers.
This is the first systematic review examining dietary intake and biological markers of inflammation in both children and adolescents. A good quality diet, high in vegetable and fruit intake, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach, as well as an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents.
在儿童和青少年中，慢性低度炎症与精神健康障碍的共病和多种疾病的发病机制有关。饮食质量是一种潜在的作用机制，它可以加剧或改善低度炎症；然而，确切的饮食摄入如何调节儿童和青少年的免疫反应仍有待充分理解。
本系统评价纳入了截至 2020 年 11 月测量儿童和青少年（2 至 19 岁）饮食摄入（饮食模式、指标、食物组、营养素）和任何炎症生物标志物的研究，并按照 PRISMA 指南通过以下数据库进行选择：学术搜索完整、CINAHL、全球健康、Medline COMPLETE 和 Web of Science-Core Collection。共确定了 53 篇文章。
结果表明，适当遵循健康的饮食模式，如地中海饮食，或食物组，如蔬菜和水果，或宏/微观营养素，如纤维或维生素 C 和 E，与降低促炎生物标志物的水平有关，主要是 C 反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α），而遵循西方饮食模式，以及摄入添加糖、宏营养素如饱和脂肪酸或超加工食品等食物组，与相同的促炎生物标志物水平较高有关。
这是第一项检查儿童和青少年饮食摄入与炎症生物标志物的系统评价。高质量的饮食，高蔬菜和水果摄入、全谷物、纤维和健康脂肪可改善低度炎症，因此代表了一种有前途的治疗方法，也是儿童和青少年疾病预防的重要因素。
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