Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology Qingdao Tumor Hospital, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Jan 6;2021:8853269. doi: 10.1155/2021/8853269. eCollection 2021.
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality and the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant disease, with approximately 951,000 new cases diagnosed and approximately 723,000 cases of mortality each year. The highest mortality rate of GC is in East Asia, and the lowest is in North America. A large number of studies have demonstrated that GC patients are characterized by higher morbidity, metastasis rates, and mortality and lower early diagnosis rates, radical resection rates, and 5-year survival rates. All cases of GC can be divided into two important stages, namely, early- and advanced-stage GC, and the stage mainly determines the treatment strategy for and the therapeutic effect in GC patients. Patients with early-stage GC undergo radical surgery followed by chemotherapy, and the 5-year survival rate can be as high as 90%. However, patients with advanced-stage GC cannot undergo radical surgery because they are at risk for metastasis; therefore, they can choose only radiotherapy or chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis. Based on the lack of specific clinical manifestations and detection methods, most GC patients (>70%) are diagnosed in the advanced stage; therefore, continued efforts toward developing treatments have been focused on advanced-stage GC patients and include molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and small molecular therapy. Nevertheless, in recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that small molecules, especially long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are involved in the occurrence, development, and progression of GC, and their abundantly dysregulated expression has been identified in GC tissues and cell lines. Therefore, lncRNAs are considered easily detectable molecules and ideal biomarkers or target-specific agents for the future diagnosis or treatment of GC. In this review, we primarily discuss the status of GC, the role of lncRNAs in GC, and the emerging systemic treatments for GC.
胃癌（GC）是癌症死亡的第二大主要原因，也是第四种最常见的恶性肿瘤，每年约有 95.1 万例新发病例和约 72.3 万例死亡病例。GC 的死亡率最高在东亚，最低在北美。大量研究表明，GC 患者的发病率、转移率和死亡率较高，早期诊断率、根治性切除率和 5 年生存率较低。所有 GC 病例均可分为两个重要阶段，即早期和晚期 GC，分期主要决定 GC 患者的治疗策略和治疗效果。早期 GC 患者行根治性手术加化疗，5 年生存率可达 90%以上。然而，晚期 GC 患者不能行根治性手术，因为存在转移风险；因此，他们只能选择放疗或化疗，预后较差。由于缺乏特异性临床表现和检测方法，大多数 GC 患者（>70%）在晚期诊断；因此，继续努力开发治疗方法一直集中在晚期 GC 患者上，包括分子靶向治疗、免疫治疗和小分子治疗。然而，近年来，越来越多的证据表明，小分子，特别是长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA），参与 GC 的发生、发展和进展，其在 GC 组织和细胞系中表达明显失调。因此，lncRNA 被认为是一种易于检测的分子，是未来 GC 诊断或治疗的理想生物标志物或靶向特异性药物。在这篇综述中，我们主要讨论了 GC 的现状、lncRNA 在 GC 中的作用以及新兴的 GC 全身性治疗方法。
