School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Adv Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;12(3):693-707. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa122.
Within epidemiological and intervention studies, whole grain consumption has generally shown positive associations with reductions in markers of overweight and obesity. However, studies use varied methods of determining whole grain intake, including different definitions of a whole grain food, which may explain varied results. This systematic review aimed to identify how different methods of reporting and calculating whole grain intake, including whole grain food definitions, affect reported associations between whole grain intake and body weight measures in adults. Systematic searching of PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and MEDLINE (all years to 11 June, 2020) identified eligible studies. Cohort and cross-sectional studies assessing whole grain intake and body weight measures in adults were included. Studies that did not specify methods used to calculate whole grain intake were excluded. Twenty-one cross-sectional studies (from 24 articles) and 9 prospective cohort studies (from 7 articles) were included in the review. Many cross-sectional studies showed whole grain intake was, to some degree, significantly associated with body weight measures, whereas associations varied greatly among cohort studies. Studies calculating whole grain intake using total grams of intake, USDA databases, or ≥25% whole grain in combination with listing specific foods, showed consistent beneficial effects of increasing whole grain intake on body weight. Studies with general lists of foods included as "whole grain foods" or lower cut-offs for whole grain content were inconsistent. The majority of studies reported whole grain intake as servings/day or grams whole grain/day. This review suggests that an association between whole grain and body weight measures remains likely, although precise associations are difficult to determine due to heterogeneity in methodologies and an inability to formally compare studies. Moving forward, application of a standardized methodology to calculate whole grain intake is essential.
在流行病学和干预研究中，全谷物的消费通常与超重和肥胖标志物的减少呈正相关。然而，研究采用不同的方法来确定全谷物的摄入量，包括全谷物食品的不同定义，这可能解释了不同的结果。本系统评价旨在确定报告和计算全谷物摄入量的不同方法，包括全谷物食品的定义，如何影响成年人全谷物摄入量与体重指标之间的关联报告。系统检索了 PubMed、Scopus、护理学和联合健康文献累积索引（CINAHL）、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册（CENTRAL）和 MEDLINE（截至 2020 年 6 月 11 日的所有年份），以确定合格的研究。纳入了评估成年人全谷物摄入量和体重指标的队列研究和横断面研究。不具体说明计算全谷物摄入量所使用方法的研究被排除在外。本综述共纳入 21 项横断面研究（来自 24 篇文章）和 9 项前瞻性队列研究（来自 7 篇文章）。许多横断面研究表明，全谷物摄入量在某种程度上与体重指标显著相关，而队列研究的相关性差异很大。使用总摄入量克数、美国农业部数据库或≥25%全谷物与列出特定食物相结合来计算全谷物摄入量的研究表明，增加全谷物摄入量对体重有一致的有益影响。使用一般的“全谷物食品”清单或全谷物含量较低的截止值的研究则不一致。大多数研究报告的全谷物摄入量为每日份或每日克数。本综述表明，全谷物与体重指标之间可能仍然存在关联，尽管由于方法学的异质性和无法正式比较研究，精确的关联难以确定。今后，应用标准化方法来计算全谷物摄入量是至关重要的。
