Ruiz Montse C, Devonport Tracey J, Chen-Wilson Chao-Hwa Josephine, Nicholls Wendy, Cagas Jonathan Y, Fernandez-Montalvo Javier, Choi Youngjun, Robazza Claudio
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 12;11:608216. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608216. eCollection 2020.
This study explored the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived health behaviors; physical activity, sleep, and diet behaviors, alongside associations with wellbeing. Participants were 1,140 individuals residing in the United Kingdom ( = 230), South Korea ( = 204), Finland ( = 171), Philippines ( = 132), Latin America ( = 124), Spain ( = 112), North America ( = 87), and Italy ( = 80). They completed an online survey reporting possible changes in the targeted behaviors as well as perceived changes in their physical and mental health. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) on the final sample ( = 1,131) revealed significant mean differences regarding perceived physical and mental health "over the last week," as well as changes in health behaviors during the pandemic by levels of physical activity and country of residence. Follow up analyses indicated that individuals with highest decrease in physical activity reported significantly lower physical and mental health, while those with highest increase in physical activity reported significantly higher increase in sleep and lower weight gain. United Kingdom participants reported lowest levels of physical health and highest increase in weight while Latin American participants reported being most affected by emotional problems. Finnish participants reported significantly higher ratings for physical health. The physical activity by country interaction was significant for wellbeing. MANCOVA also revealed significant differences across physical activity levels and four established age categories. Participants in the oldest category reported being significantly least affected by personal and emotional problems; youngest participants reported significantly more sleep. The age by physical activity interaction was significant for eating. Discussed in light of Hobfoll (1998) conservation of resources theory, findings endorse the policy of advocating physical activity as a means of generating and maintaining resources combative of stress and protective of health.
本研究探讨了新冠疫情对感知到的健康行为（身体活动、睡眠和饮食行为）的影响，以及这些行为与幸福感之间的关联。参与者为1140名居住在英国（n = 230）、韩国（n = 204）、芬兰（n = 171）、菲律宾（n = 132）、拉丁美洲（n = 124）、西班牙（n = 112）、北美（n = 87）和意大利（n = 80）的个体。他们完成了一项在线调查，报告目标行为可能发生的变化以及身心健康的感知变化。对最终样本（n = 1131）进行的多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）显示，在“过去一周”，身心健康感知方面存在显著的均值差异，以及疫情期间健康行为因身体活动水平和居住国家的不同而发生的变化。后续分析表明，身体活动下降最多的个体身心健康显著较低，而身体活动增加最多的个体睡眠增加显著且体重增加较少。英国参与者的身体健康水平最低且体重增加最多，而拉丁美洲参与者报告受情绪问题影响最大。芬兰参与者报告的身体健康评分显著更高。国家与身体活动的交互作用对幸福感有显著影响。MANCOVA还显示，在身体活动水平和四个既定年龄类别之间存在显著差异。年龄最大类别的参与者报告受个人和情绪问题影响最小；最年轻的参与者报告睡眠更多。年龄与身体活动的交互作用对饮食有显著影响。根据霍夫福尔（1998）的资源守恒理论进行讨论，研究结果支持将倡导身体活动作为一种生成和维持资源以对抗压力和保护健康的手段的政策。
