School of Economics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
Economics & Business Environment Area, Indian Institute of Management Jammu, Old University Campus, Canal Road Nawabad, Cantonment, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180016, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(21):27362-27375. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12464-1. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Although several studies explored the issue of CO/Ecological footprint convergence across the countries, study on biomass material footprint (BMF) convergence is scant. This study bridges this research gap by examining the "BMF convergence hypothesis" across 172 countries for the period from 1990 to 2017. To attain our objective, we use the novel Phillips and Sul (J Appl Econom 24(7):1153-1185, 2007a; Econometrica 75:1771-1855, 2007b) approach. We find that there is no evidence of convergence, while 172 countries are taken together. This implies that all the countries together are having different transition paths. Thus, Phillips and Sul test implements the clustering algorithms to identify the club convergence. Our results show the existence of six different steady-state (or club convergence) equilibriums for BMF. Thus, our findings show that climate change policies are required to be designed as per the existing clubs of the sample countries.
虽然有几项研究探讨了各国之间 CO/生态足迹趋同的问题，但对生物物质足迹（BMF）趋同的研究却很少。本研究通过检验 1990 年至 2017 年期间 172 个国家的“BMF 趋同假说”，弥补了这一研究空白。为了实现我们的目标，我们使用了菲利普斯和苏尔（J Appl Econom 24(7):1153-1185, 2007a; Econometrica 75:1771-1855, 2007b）的新方法。我们发现，没有证据表明存在趋同，而 172 个国家是放在一起考虑的。这意味着所有国家都有不同的过渡路径。因此，菲利普斯和苏尔检验实施了聚类算法来识别俱乐部趋同。我们的结果显示，BMF 存在六个不同的稳态（或俱乐部趋同）均衡。因此，我们的研究结果表明，需要根据样本国家现有的俱乐部来设计气候变化政策。
