Lamb M R
University of California, Berkeley.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1988 Jan;14(1):96-104.
Pigeons in a matching-to-sample experiment received (a) element samples (one of two colors or vertical or horizontal white lines), (b) separated compound samples (a color and a line element presented together), and (c) unified compound samples (vertical or horizontal colored lines). In Phase I, test stimuli were the two elements from one dimension; the dimension tested varied randomly when the sample was a compound. Element samples were matched better than unified samples, which were matched better than separated samples. In Phase II, two samples preceded the tests. On EC trials, the first sample (S1) was an element, and the second sample (S2) was a compound; on CE trials this order was reversed. One element of the compound sample was always the one appearing as the element sample on that trial (e.g., S1 = red, S2 = red-vertical). This element also served as the correct test alternative (e.g., test = red+ vs. green) except on probe trials when the correct test was the other element appearing in the compound (e.g., test = vertical+ vs. horizontal). Accuracy varied as a function of sample sequence when the compound was separated (EC greater than CE on nonprobe trials and CE greater than EC on prove trials). This pattern was not observed when the compound was unified. The data suggest that the element in EC trials served as a cue that increased processing of the cued dimension and decreased processing of the noncued dimension of separated compounds. However, both dimensions of unified compounds seem to have been processed regardless of cuing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在一项样本匹配实验中，鸽子接受了以下几种样本：(a) 元素样本（两种颜色之一或垂直或水平的白色线条），(b) 分离的复合样本（一种颜色和一条线条元素同时呈现），以及 (c) 统一的复合样本（垂直或水平的彩色线条）。在第一阶段，测试刺激是来自一个维度的两个元素；当样本是复合样本时，所测试的维度随机变化。元素样本的匹配优于统一样本，统一样本的匹配又优于分离样本。在第二阶段，测试前有两个样本。在 EC 试验中，第一个样本（S1）是一个元素，第二个样本（S2）是一个复合样本；在 CE 试验中，这个顺序颠倒。复合样本中的一个元素总是在该试验中作为元素样本出现的那个（例如，S1 = 红色，S2 = 红色 - 垂直）。除了在探测试验中正确的测试是复合样本中出现的另一个元素时（例如，测试 = 垂直 + 对水平），这个元素也作为正确的测试选项（例如，测试 = 红色 + 对绿色）。当复合样本是分离的时候，准确率随样本顺序而变化（在非探测试验中 EC 大于 CE，在探测试验中 CE 大于 EC）。当复合样本是统一的时候，没有观察到这种模式。数据表明，EC 试验中的元素起到了一种线索的作用，增加了对被提示维度的处理，并减少了对分离复合样本中未被提示维度的处理。然而，统一复合样本的两个维度似乎都得到了处理，无论是否有提示。（摘要截于250字）
