Aronica Lucia, Volek Jeff, Poff Angela, D'agostino Dominic P
Nutrition Science, Metagenics Inc, Gig Harbor, Washington, USA.
Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2020 Dec 12;3(2):363-373. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000167. eCollection 2020 Dec.
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, adequate-protein diet proven to be effective for the reversal of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and holding therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of other chronic diseases. Genetic and dynamic markers of KD response may help to identify individuals most likely to benefit from KD and point to individuals at higher risk for adverse health outcomes. Here, we provide a clinician-friendly review of state-of-the-art research on biomarkers of KD response for a variety of outcomes including weight loss, body composition and cognitive performance drawing data from both intervention trials and case reports of rare inborn errors of metabolism. We also present a selection of the most promising candidate genes to evaluate in future studies and discuss key aspects of study design and variant interpretation that may help accelerate the implementation of these biomarkers in clinical practice.
生酮饮食（KD）是一种低碳水化合物、高脂肪、适量蛋白质的饮食，已被证明对逆转肥胖、代谢综合征和2型糖尿病有效，并对预防和治疗其他慢性疾病具有治疗潜力。KD反应的遗传和动态标志物可能有助于识别最有可能从KD中获益的个体，并指出健康不良后果风险较高的个体。在此，我们对KD反应生物标志物的最新研究进行了临床医生友好型综述，涉及包括体重减轻、身体成分和认知表现等多种结果，数据来源于干预试验和罕见先天性代谢缺陷的病例报告。我们还介绍了一些最有前景的候选基因，供未来研究评估，并讨论了研究设计和变异解读的关键方面，这些可能有助于加速这些生物标志物在临床实践中的应用。
