Zhang Yijun, Xu Yangyang, Simon-Masseron Angélique, Lalevée Jacques
Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Mar 21;50(6):3824-3841. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01411g. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Radical initiation upon LED light irradiation is discussed herein as well as its application in additive manufacturing. The ability of manufacturing complex structures, freedom of design, low energy consumption, fast prototyping, and excellent spatial resolution are the main benefits of the 3D printing technology by photopolymerization. Therefore, the 3D printing of composites through photopolymerization processes is developing rapidly in the academia and industry, and has been a turning point of additive manufacturing (AM). In the present review, an overview of radical initiation with LEDs (i.e., the photopolymerization LED technology, the photoinitiating systems, and the polymerizable media) and of the main 3D printing methods by photopolymerization, materials, and their applications in different fields has been carried out. As a challenging topic, the issue of light penetration in a filled matrix for the access to composites is discussed, including the light transmittance of the composite, the mismatch of the refractive index between the filler and the monomer, the factors of the filler, and the adverse influence of low light penetration on the 3D printing process. In particular, the popular applications of 3D printing by photopolymerization in biomedical science, electronic industry, materials for adsorption, and 4D printing are discussed. Overall, this review gives an overview of the 3D printing of polymer matrix composites through photopolymerization processes as a benchmark for future research and development.
本文讨论了LED光照射引发自由基的情况及其在增材制造中的应用。制造复杂结构的能力、设计自由度、低能耗、快速成型以及出色的空间分辨率是光聚合3D打印技术的主要优点。因此，通过光聚合工艺进行复合材料的3D打印在学术界和工业界都在迅速发展，并且已经成为增材制造（AM）的一个转折点。在本综述中，对LED引发自由基（即光聚合LED技术、光引发体系和可聚合介质）以及主要的光聚合3D打印方法、材料及其在不同领域的应用进行了概述。作为一个具有挑战性的主题，讨论了填充基体中光穿透以制备复合材料的问题，包括复合材料的透光率、填料与单体之间的折射率不匹配、填料的因素以及低光穿透对3D打印过程的不利影响。特别讨论了光聚合3D打印在生物医学科学、电子工业、吸附材料和4D打印中的广泛应用。总体而言，本综述概述了通过光聚合工艺进行聚合物基复合材料的3D打印，作为未来研究和开发的基准。
