Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(18):4867-4892. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879004. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Growth retardation (GR), which commonly occurs in childhood, is a major health concern globally. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. It has been increasingly recognized that changes in the gut microbiota may lead to GR through affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbiota interacts with multiple factors such as birth to affect the growth of individuals. Microbiota communicates with the nerve system through chemical signaling (direct entry into the circulation system or stimulation of enteroendocrine cells) and nervous signaling (interaction with enteric nerve system and vagus nerve), which modulates appetite and immune response. Besides, they may also influence the function of enteric glial cells or lymphocytes and levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines. Environmental stress may cause leaky gut through perturbing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to further result in GR. Nutritional therapies involving probiotics and pre-/postbiotics are being investigated for helping the patients to overcome GR. In this review, we summarize the role of microbiota in GR with human and animal models. Then, existing and potential regulatory mechanisms are reviewed, especially the effect of microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we propose nutritional therapeutic strategies for GR by the intervention of microbiota-gut-brain axis, which may provide novel perspectives for the treatment of GR in humans and animals.
生长迟缓（GR）是一种常见于儿童时期的疾病，是全球范围内的一个主要健康问题。然而，其具体机制尚不清楚。越来越多的人认识到，肠道微生物群的变化可能通过影响微生物群-肠道-大脑轴导致 GR。微生物群通过与出生等多种因素相互作用来影响个体的生长。微生物群通过化学信号（直接进入循环系统或刺激肠内分泌细胞）和神经信号（与肠神经系统和迷走神经相互作用）与神经系统进行交流，从而调节食欲和免疫反应。此外，它们还可能影响肠神经胶质细胞或淋巴细胞的功能以及全身炎症细胞因子的水平。环境应激可能通过扰乱下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴导致肠道通透性增加，从而导致 GR。涉及益生菌和前/后生元的营养疗法正在被研究，以帮助患者克服 GR。在这篇综述中，我们总结了人类和动物模型中微生物群在 GR 中的作用。然后，我们回顾了现有的和潜在的调节机制，特别是微生物群-肠道-大脑轴的作用。最后，我们提出了通过干预微生物群-肠道-大脑轴来治疗 GR 的营养治疗策略，这可能为人类和动物的 GR 治疗提供新的视角。
