Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, The National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 28;13(2):426. doi: 10.3390/nu13020426.
In the overall composition of dietary fatty acids (FAs), the quantity of each FA is interrelated with that of others. We examined the associations between dietary FA composition and cardiometabolic risk in Japanese youths. Risk factors (anthropometric characteristics, serum lipid and liver enzyme levels, and blood pressure) were measured in 5485 junior-high-school students. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The mean saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and omega-3 PUFAs intake were 9.6%E, 10.3%E, 6.3%E, and 1.1%E, respectively. In compositional regression analysis controlled for confounders, a high intake of omega-6 PUFAs relative to others was associated with low low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels (LDL-C; = 0.003), and relative SFA intake was associated with high levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( = 0.019). Relative omega-3 PUFAs intake was associated with low blood pressure ( = 0.005-0.034) but had unfavorable effects on adiposity and alanine transaminase. Substitutional models showed similar results for omega-6 PUFAs on LDL-C, but MUFA had inconsistent effects on risk factors. The results from the compositional data analysis were consistent with previous studies and clinical practice/knowledge. Focusing on increasing omega-6 PUFAs in Japanese youths could have favorable consequences in the long term.
在膳食脂肪酸（FAs）的总体构成中，每种 FA 的数量与其他 FA 的数量相互关联。我们研究了日本青少年膳食 FA 组成与心脏代谢风险之间的关系。在 5485 名初中生中测量了风险因素（人体测量特征、血清脂质和肝酶水平以及血压）。膳食摄入量使用食物频率问卷进行评估。饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、ω-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和 ω-3 PUFA 的平均摄入量分别为 9.6%E、10.3%E、6.3%E 和 1.1%E。在控制混杂因素的成分回归分析中，与其他 FA 相比，ω-6 PUFA 的高摄入量与低 LDL-C 水平相关（ = 0.003），相对 SFA 摄入量与γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平升高相关（ = 0.019）。相对 ω-3 PUFA 摄入量与血压降低相关（ = 0.005-0.034），但对肥胖和丙氨酸氨基转移酶有不利影响。替代模型显示 ω-6 PUFA 对 LDL-C 也有类似的结果，但 MUFA 对风险因素的影响不一致。成分数据分析的结果与先前的研究和临床实践/知识一致。在日本青少年中增加 ω-6 PUFA 的摄入可能会产生长期的有利影响。
