SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland.
Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jul;37(13-14):NP10985-NP11008. doi: 10.1177/0886260521990835. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
The present study aimed to investigate how those who had been chronic victims of bullying perceive their bullying experience from their initial attacks to their bullying exit, how they understood processes and actions causing a situation to become progressively worse, and how they interpreted their own coping behaviors. Nine individuals who were victimized for at least 6 years were interviewed. The grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data, which generated a grounded theory of the downward spiral of bullying, demonstrating hidden aspects of bullying-the victim's inner process as a response to external victimizing and accompanying events. The interdependence of those processes is presented in a timeline to show their cumulative nature as new vicious circles of bullying involving maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., self-blame), which form an overriding pattern of behavior that renders victims unable to break it even if they enter a new peer group. In terms of policy implications, the findings suggest the need to introduce school transition programs supporting school adaptation, identify chronic victims, and take every victimhood narrative seriously.
本研究旨在探讨那些长期遭受欺凌的人是如何从最初的攻击到欺凌结束来感知他们的欺凌经历的，他们是如何理解导致情况逐渐恶化的过程和行为的，以及他们是如何解释自己的应对行为的。研究采访了 9 名至少遭受欺凌 6 年的受害者。采用扎根理论方法对数据进行分析，生成了欺凌的下行螺旋理论，展示了欺凌的隐藏方面——受害者对外部欺凌和伴随事件的内在反应过程。这些过程的相互依存关系以时间线的形式呈现出来，以展示它们的累积性质，即涉及适应不良应对策略（例如，自责）的新的恶性循环，形成一种主导行为模式，即使受害者进入新的同伴群体，也无法打破这种模式。在政策意义上，研究结果表明，有必要引入支持学校适应的学校过渡项目，确定长期的受害者，并认真对待每一个受害的叙述。
