Lereya Suzet Tanya, Samara Muthanna, Wolke Dieter
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston, Upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
Child Abuse Negl. 2013 Dec;37(12):1091-108. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Apr 25.
Being bullied has adverse effects on children's health. Children's family experiences and parenting behavior before entering school help shape their capacity to adapt and cope at school and have an impact on children's peer relationship, hence it is important to identify how parenting styles and parent-child relationship are related to victimization in order to develop intervention programs to prevent or mitigate victimization in childhood and adolescence.
We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on parenting behavior and peer victimization using MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Eric and EMBASE from 1970 through the end of December 2012. We included prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies that investigated the association between parenting behavior and peer victimization.
Both victims and those who both bully and are victims (bully/victims) were more likely to be exposed to negative parenting behavior including abuse and neglect and maladaptive parenting. The effects were generally small to moderate for victims (Hedge's g range: 0.10-0.31) but moderate for bully/victims (0.13-0.68). Positive parenting behavior including good communication of parents with the child, warm and affectionate relationship, parental involvement and support, and parental supervision were protective against peer victimization. The protective effects were generally small to moderate for both victims (Hedge's g: range: -0.12 to -0.22) and bully/victims (-0.17 to -0.42).
Negative parenting behavior is related to a moderate increase of risk for becoming a bully/victim and small to moderate effects on victim status at school. Intervention programs against bullying should extend their focus beyond schools to include families and start before children enter school.
遭受欺凌对儿童健康有不利影响。儿童入学前的家庭经历和养育行为有助于塑造他们在学校的适应和应对能力，并对儿童的同伴关系产生影响，因此，确定养育方式和亲子关系如何与受欺负情况相关联，对于制定干预计划以预防或减轻儿童期和青少年期的受欺负情况非常重要。
我们使用MEDLINE、PsychINFO、Eric和EMBASE对1970年至2012年12月底发表的关于养育行为和同伴受欺负情况的文献进行了系统综述。我们纳入了调查养育行为与同伴受欺负情况之间关联的前瞻性队列研究和横断面研究。
受害者以及既是欺凌者又是受害者（欺凌/受害者）的儿童更有可能经历包括虐待、忽视和不适应养育方式在内的负面养育行为。对于受害者，这些影响通常较小到中等（赫奇斯g值范围：0.10 - 0.31），但对于欺凌/受害者则为中等（0.13 - 0.68）。积极的养育行为，包括父母与孩子的良好沟通、温暖亲密的关系、父母的参与和支持以及父母的监督，可预防同伴受欺负情况。对于受害者（赫奇斯g值范围：-0.12至-0.22）和欺凌/受害者（-0.17至-0.42），保护作用通常较小到中等。
负面养育行为与成为欺凌/受害者的风险适度增加以及对学校受欺负状况产生小到中等影响有关。反欺凌干预计划应将重点从学校扩展到包括家庭，并在儿童入学前开始。
