School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW2522, Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Br J Nutr. 2021 Dec 14;126(11):1725-1736. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521000453. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Historically, there are inconsistencies in the calculation of whole-grain intake, particularly through use of highly variable whole-grain food definitions. The current study aimed to determine the impact of using a whole-grain food definition on whole-grain intake estimation in Australian and Swedish national cohorts and investigate impacts on apparent associations with CVD risk factors. This utilised the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-2012, the Swedish Riksmaten adults 2010-2011 and relevant food composition databases. Whole-grain intakes and associations with CVD risk factors were determined based on consumption of foods complying with the Healthgrain definition (≥30 % whole grain (dry weight), more whole than refined grain and meeting accepted standards for 'healthy foods' based on local regulations) and compared with absolute whole-grain intake. Compliance of whole-grain containing foods with the Healthgrain definition was low in both Sweden (twenty-nine of 155 foods) and Australia (214 of 609 foods). Significant mean differences of up to 24·6 g/10 MJ per d of whole-grain intake were highlighted using Swedish data. Despite these large differences, application of a whole-grain food definition altered very few associations with CVD risk factors, specifically, changes with body weight and blood glucose associations in Australian adults where a whole-grain food definition was applied, and some anthropometric measures in Swedish data where a high percentage of whole-grain content was included. Use of whole-grain food definitions appears to have limited impact on measuring whole-grain health benefits but may have greater relevance in public health messaging.
从历史上看，全谷物摄入量的计算存在不一致之处，特别是由于使用了高度可变的全谷物食品定义。本研究旨在确定在澳大利亚和瑞典国家队列中使用全谷物食品定义对全谷物摄入量估计的影响，并研究其对与 CVD 风险因素表观关联的影响。这利用了澳大利亚国家营养和身体活动调查 2011-2012 年、瑞典 Riksmaten 成年人 2010-2011 年和相关食物成分数据库。根据符合 Healthgrain 定义（≥30%全麦（干重）、比精制谷物更多全麦且符合当地法规的“健康食品”接受标准）的食物消费确定全谷物摄入量和与 CVD 风险因素的关联，并与绝对全谷物摄入量进行比较。在瑞典（155 种食物中有 29 种）和澳大利亚（609 种食物中有 214 种），含全谷物的食物符合 Healthgrain 定义的比例都很低。使用瑞典数据突出显示，全谷物摄入量高达 24.6g/10MJ/d 的显著平均差异。尽管存在这些较大差异，但应用全谷物食品定义仅改变了与 CVD 风险因素的少数关联，特别是在澳大利亚成年人中应用全谷物食品定义时，体重和血糖关联发生变化，以及在瑞典数据中纳入高百分比全谷物含量时，一些人体测量指标发生变化。使用全谷物食品定义似乎对衡量全谷物健康益处的影响有限，但在公共卫生信息传递方面可能具有更大的相关性。
