Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2022 Apr;28(2):279-294. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2020.0276. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
Inflammation is a crucial part of wound healing and pathogen clearance. However, it can also play a role in exacerbating chronic diseases and cancer progression when not regulated properly. A subset of current innate immune engineering research is focused on how molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids native to a healthy inflammatory response can be harnessed in the context of biomaterial design to promote healing, decrease disease severity, and prolong survival. The engineered biomaterials in this review inhibit inflammation by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, sequestering proinflammatory cytokines, and promoting phenotype switching of macrophages in chronic inflammatory disease models. Conversely, other biomaterials discussed here promote inflammation by mimicking pathogen invasion to inhibit tumor growth in cancer models. The form that these biomaterials take spans a spectrum from nanoparticles to large-scale hydrogels to surface coatings on medical devices. Cell-inspired molecules have been incorporated in a variety of creative ways, including loaded into or onto the surface of biomaterials or used as the biomaterials themselves. Impact statement Chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers are widespread health care concerns. Treatment plans for these diseases can be complicated and the outcomes are often mixed due to off-target effects. Current research efforts in immune engineering and biomaterials are focused on utilizing the body's native immune response to return to homeostasis as a therapeutic approach. This review collects many of the most current findings in the field as a resource for future research.
炎症是伤口愈合和病原体清除的关键部分。然而，当炎症反应不能得到适当调节时，它也可能在加剧慢性疾病和癌症进展方面发挥作用。目前一部分先天免疫工程研究的重点是，在生物材料设计的背景下，如何利用健康炎症反应中天然存在的分子（如脂质、蛋白质和核酸）来促进愈合、降低疾病严重程度和延长生存期。本综述中讨论的工程生物材料通过释放抗炎细胞因子、隔离促炎细胞因子以及促进慢性炎症疾病模型中巨噬细胞表型转换来抑制炎症。相反，这里讨论的其他生物材料通过模拟病原体入侵来促进炎症，从而抑制癌症模型中的肿瘤生长。这些生物材料的形式从纳米颗粒到大规模水凝胶到医疗器械表面涂层不等。细胞启发的分子以多种创造性的方式被整合，包括负载到生物材料的表面或本身作为生物材料。 影响声明 慢性炎症性疾病和癌症是广泛存在的医疗保健问题。由于靶向作用不佳，这些疾病的治疗方案可能很复杂，结果往往也不尽如人意。目前免疫工程和生物材料领域的研究重点是利用人体的天然免疫反应来恢复体内平衡作为一种治疗方法。本综述收集了该领域的许多最新发现，作为未来研究的资源。
