Ergonomics Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, Kawasaki, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2021 Jan;63(1):e12187. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12187.
This survey aims to investigate consciousness regarding habitual exercise among workers in urban areas and to analyze the associations of workers' socioeconomic status with their habitual exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
Ten thousand participants, who worked in the Tokyo area of Japan, were recruited for the questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire elicited participant's characteristics, socioeconomic status (eg, employment status and annual income), habitual exercise status, and consciousness regarding exercising. After the data-cleaning procedure, 9406 participants were selected for analyses. CRF was estimated by a validated equation model.
Some (32.9%) participants had an exercise habit, and 93% recognized that exercise is good for health. Of the nonexercise habit group (n = 6308), 73% wanted to develop an exercise habit, and "spare time (40%)" and "financial capability (16%)" were the two most necessary conditions for habituating exercise. As socioeconomic statuses increased, the odds ratios (ORs) for engaging in habitual exercise increased among full-time (1.22) versus part-time (reference) employees and those having high (1.76) versus low (reference) incomes, whereas the ORs for low CRF risk decreased among full-time (0.78) versus part-time (reference) employees and those having high (0.53) versus low (reference) incomes.
Although most workers recognized the benefits of exercise, many were unable to develop exercise habits and believed that they could develop exercise habits if they had the time and financial capabilities. The survey suggests that workers with a higher socioeconomic status more likely to obtain favorable physical fitness, indicating a health disparity among workers in urban areas.
本调查旨在研究城市地区劳动者对习惯性运动的意识，并分析劳动者的社会经济地位与其习惯性运动和心肺适能（CRF）的相关性。
本研究共招募了 10000 名在日本东京地区工作的参与者，采用问卷调查的方式收集参与者的特征、社会经济地位（如就业状况和年收入）、习惯性运动状况以及对运动的意识等信息。经过数据清理程序后，选择了 9406 名参与者进行分析。CRF 采用经过验证的方程模型进行估算。
部分（32.9%）参与者有运动习惯，93%的人认为运动对健康有益。在无运动习惯组（n=6308）中，73%的人希望养成运动习惯，“业余时间（40%）”和“经济能力（16%）”是养成运动习惯的两个最必要条件。随着社会经济地位的提高，全职（1.22 倍）与兼职（参考）员工相比、高收入（1.76 倍）与低收入（参考）员工相比，习惯性运动的比值比（OR）增加，而 CRF 风险低的 OR 全职（0.78 倍）与兼职（参考）员工相比、高收入（0.53 倍）与低收入（参考）员工相比则降低。
尽管大多数劳动者认识到运动的好处，但许多人无法养成运动习惯，并认为如果有时间和经济能力，他们可以养成运动习惯。该调查表明，社会经济地位较高的劳动者更有可能获得良好的身体状况，这表明城市地区劳动者之间存在健康差距。
