Sugano Ryosuke, Ikegami Kazunori, Eguchi Hisashi, Tsuji Mayumi, Tateishi Seiichiro, Nagata Tomohisa, Matsuda Shinya, Fujino Yoshihisa, Ogami Akira
Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 Feb 24;4:809465. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.809465. eCollection 2022.
Studies have determined that exercise and physical activity positively affect physical and mental health, and that healthy workers contribute to increased work performance. The relationship between the time spent on exercise during leisure time and physical activity, including work, with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in workers is unclear, with variations observed between occupational types. This cross-sectional study examined these associations among Japanese workers from various occupations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An Internet-based national health survey-Collaborative Online Research on Novel-coronavirus and Work-study (CORoNaWork study)-was conducted among 33,087 Japanese workers in December 2020. After excluding invalid responses, 27,036 participants were categorized into four and five groups according to exercise and physical activity time, respectively. Each group's scores were compared on each of the four questions on the Japanese version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health-Related Quality of Life (CDC HRQOL-4) using generalized linear models. Age-sex adjusted and multivariate models were used to compare each index of the CDC HRQOL-4.
Compared to the reference category (almost never), any level of exercise (ORs 0.56-0.77) and physical activity (ORs 0.93-0.88) were associated with better self-rated health in the multivariate model. Any exercise was also associated with significantly reduced odds for physically or mentally unhealthy days; however, high levels of physical activity (≥120 min/day) were associated with significantly increased odds for these outcomes (ORs = 1.11 and 1.16, respectively).
The results suggest that exercise habits are more critical to workers' HRQOL than physical activity. Interventions that encourage daily exercise even for a short time are likely to be associated with better workers' health and work performance.
研究已确定，运动和体育活动对身心健康有积极影响，且健康的员工有助于提高工作绩效。员工在休闲时间进行运动的时长与包括工作在内的体育活动和与健康相关的生活质量（HRQOL）之间的关系尚不清楚，不同职业类型之间存在差异。这项横断面研究调查了新冠疫情期间日本不同职业员工之间的这些关联。
2020年12月，对33087名日本员工进行了一项基于互联网的全国健康调查——新型冠状病毒与工作-学习协作在线研究（CORoNaWork研究）。排除无效回复后，分别根据运动和体育活动时间将27036名参与者分为四组和五组。使用广义线性模型比较了每组在日本版疾病控制与预防中心与健康相关的生活质量（CDC HRQOL-4）四个问题上的得分。采用年龄-性别调整模型和多变量模型比较CDC HRQOL-4的各项指标。
在多变量模型中，与参考类别（几乎从不运动）相比，任何水平的运动（比值比为0.56 - 0.77）和体育活动（比值比为0.93 - 0.88）都与更好的自我健康评价相关。任何运动也与身体或精神不健康天数的显著减少相关；然而，高水平的体育活动（≥120分钟/天）与这些结果的显著增加相关（比值比分别为1.11和1.16）。
结果表明，运动习惯对员工的HRQOL比体育活动更关键。鼓励即使短时间的日常运动的干预措施可能与更好的员工健康和工作绩效相关。
