Department of Allergy, Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain;
CS Universitas, Zaragoza, Spain.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021 Jan 2;49(1):68-78. doi: 10.15586/aei.v49i1.19. eCollection 2021.
Several studies have shown interactions between food allergy (FA) and asthma, but the influence of FA in asthma traits has been scarcely studied.
A real-world retrospective observational study was conducted among patients between 3 and 18 years old referred to our Asthma Clinic from November 2014 to November 2017. Data were obtained from daily clinical practice. Only patients properly diagnosed with asthma and FA were included.
815 patients were included: 483 asthmatics and 332 non-asthmatics and 180 FA and 635 no FA. Food allergy was statistically more prevalent among asthma patients (p = 0.014). In a high pollen exposure area, Madrid, among subjects with asthma (121 FA, 362 no-FA), sensitization to lipid transfer protein (LTP) (p = 0.016, OR: 3.064, RR: 2.512) and pollen (p = 0.016, OR: 3.064, RR: 2.512) are risk factors to have a concomitant FA diagnosis, whereas sensitization to profilin is not. Peripheral blood eosinophils were higher in subjects with asthma and FA (≥450 eos/µL) than in asthmatics without FA (≤300 eos/µL) (p = 0.031). Blood eosinophilia, using a cut-off >300 eos/µL, was only present in the FA group. Therefore, this trait should be considered when phenotyping a patient as eosinophilic asthma. Sex had an impact on several variables: height, weight, BMI, blood eosinophils count, sensitization profile, and early-onset asthma.
Asthma and FA are closely related and the presence of FA should be investigated in every asthma patient. This study shows an association between asthma with concomitant FA and sensitization to pollen and LTP, blood eosinophilia, and growth alterations. Differences between boys and girls were also described, so a sex-specific approach is recommended.
多项研究表明食物过敏（FA）与哮喘之间存在相互作用，但 FA 对哮喘特征的影响尚未得到充分研究。
这是一项 2014 年 11 月至 2017 年 11 月期间在我们哮喘门诊就诊的 3 至 18 岁患者中进行的真实世界回顾性观察研究。数据来自日常临床实践。仅纳入经过适当诊断的哮喘和 FA 患者。
共纳入 815 例患者：483 例哮喘患者和 332 例非哮喘患者，180 例 FA 患者和 635 例非 FA 患者。FA 在哮喘患者中更为常见（p=0.014）。在花粉暴露较高的马德里地区，121 例哮喘患者中有 FA，362 例无 FA，对脂质转移蛋白（LTP）（p=0.016，OR：3.064，RR：2.512）和花粉（p=0.016，OR：3.064，RR：2.512）过敏是并发 FA 诊断的危险因素，而对原肌球蛋白过敏则不是。FA 患者（≥450 eos/µL）的外周血嗜酸性粒细胞高于无 FA 的哮喘患者（≤300 eos/µL）（p=0.031）。只有在 FA 组中才存在嗜酸性粒细胞增多症，其血液嗜酸性粒细胞>300 eos/µL 的截断值。因此，在对患者进行嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘表型分析时，应考虑这种特征。性别对多个变量有影响：身高、体重、BMI、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数、致敏谱和早发性哮喘。还描述了男孩和女孩之间的差异，因此建议采用性别特异性方法。
哮喘和 FA 密切相关，应在每个哮喘患者中检查 FA 的存在。本研究表明，伴有 FA 的哮喘与花粉和 LTP、嗜酸性粒细胞增多症、生长改变的过敏有关。还描述了男孩和女孩之间的差异，因此建议采用性别特异性方法。
