Araya Shambel, Desta Kassu, Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Jan 26;14:283-291. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S291876. eCollection 2021.
Mobile phones are widely used in hospital settings for different purposes. Mobile phones of healthcare workers (HCWs) could be colonized or harbor extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing gram-negative bacteria and may act as source of infectious agents. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria on mobile phones of healthcare workers, to assess their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated factors.
A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total of 572 samples by rubbing swabs of the front screen, back, keypad, and metallic surfaces of mobile phones of healthcare workers using simple random sampling technique. All specimens were screened for ESBL using ESBL CHROME agar and confirmed using double-disk diffusion test (DDDT). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, odds ratio and p-value was calculated to determine the association among variables.
Overall, the number of mobile phones contaminated by gram-negative bacteria was 454 out of 572 (79.4%). Female sex (OR 0.651, p-value=0.039) and service year (OR 0.468, p-value=0.038) of healthcare workers were found to be the most significant factors associated with healthcare professionals' mobile phone and bacterial contamination. Nine percent of the isolates were ESBL-producers. (27%) was the dominant ESBL-producing isolate followed by spp. (14.5%) and (14.5%). ESBL-producers were highly resistant to ampicillin (95.8%), piperacillin (83.3%), cotrimoxazole (70.8%), and chloramphenicol (54.2%), but highly sensitive to meropenem (87.5%), amikacin (85.4%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (81.2%).
ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 8.3% of HCWs' mobile phones. As high as 79.4% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Mobile phones can lead to bacterial cross-contamination and could be a source of nosocomial infections.
手机在医院环境中有多种用途。医护人员的手机可能被产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的革兰氏阴性菌定植或携带，可能成为传染源。本研究旨在确定医护人员手机上产超广谱β-内酰胺酶革兰氏阴性菌的发生率，评估其抗菌药敏模式及相关因素。
采用简单随机抽样技术，对医护人员手机的前屏幕、背面、键盘和金属表面进行擦拭采样，共采集572份样本，开展基于实验室的横断面研究。所有标本使用ESBL CHROME琼脂筛选ESBL，并通过双纸片扩散试验（DDDT）进行确认。在穆勒-欣顿琼脂上采用 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散技术进行药敏试验。使用SPSS 25版软件进行数据分析，计算比值比和p值以确定变量之间的关联。
总体而言，572部手机中有454部（79.4%）被革兰氏阴性菌污染。医护人员的女性性别（比值比0.651，p值=0.039）和工作年限（比值比0.468，p值=0.038）是与医护人员手机细菌污染最相关的因素。9%的分离株产ESBL。（27%）是主要的产ESBL分离株，其次是 spp.（14.5%）和 （14.5%）。产ESBL菌对氨苄西林（95.8%）、哌拉西林（83.3%）、复方新诺明（70.8%）和氯霉素（54.2%）高度耐药，但对美罗培南（87.5%）、阿米卡星（85.4%）和哌拉西林-他唑巴坦（81.2%）高度敏感。
8.3%的医护人员手机分离出产ESBL的革兰氏阴性菌。高达79.4%的分离株对多种药物耐药。手机可导致细菌交叉污染，可能是医院感染的一个来源。
