Yatsyshina S B, Mamoshina M V, Shipulina O Yu, Podkolzin A T, Akimkin V G
Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare.
Vopr Virusol. 2020 Nov 14;65(5):267-276. doi: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-5-3.
The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged at the end of 2019 and caused a worldwide pandemic, triggered numerous questions about the epidemiology of the novel COVID-19 disease and about wellknown coronavirus infections, which used to be given little attention due to their mild symptoms.
The routine screening-based multiyear retrospective observational study of prevalence and circulation patterns of epidemic-prone human coronaviruses in Moscow.
The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect RNA of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in nasal and throat swabs from 16,511 patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI), aged 1 month to 95 years (children accounted for 58.3%) from January 2016 to March 2020, and swabs from 505 relatively healthy children in 2008, 2010 and 2011. Results. HCoVs were yearly found in 2.6-6.1% of the examined patients; the detection frequency was statistically higher in adults than in children, regardless of sex. At the height of the disease incidence in December 2019, HCoVs were detected in 13.7% of the examined, demonstrating a two-fold increase as compared to the multi-year average for that month. The statistical frequency of HCoV detection in ARI pediatric patients under 6 years was significantly higher than in their healthy peers (3.7 vs 0.7%, p = 0.008).
HCoVs circulate annually, demonstrating a winter-spring seasonal activity pattern in the Moscow Region and reaching peak levels in December. Over the years of observation, the HCoV epidemic activity reached maximum levels in December 2019-February 2020 and decreased in March to the multi-year average. Amid a growing number of SARS-CoV-2 cases imported to Moscow in March 2020, the HCoV detection frequency dropped sharply, which can be explained by the competition between different coronaviruses and by the specificity of HCoV detection with the diagnostic test kit used in this study.
2019年末出现的新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了全球大流行，引发了众多关于新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）流行病学以及既往因症状轻微而很少受到关注的知名冠状病毒感染的问题。
对莫斯科易流行的人类冠状病毒的流行率和传播模式进行基于常规筛查的多年回顾性观察研究。
采用实时聚合酶链反应检测2016年1月至2020年3月期间16511例年龄在1个月至95岁（儿童占58.3%）的急性呼吸道感染（ARI）患者鼻拭子和咽拭子中的人类冠状病毒（HCoV）RNA，以及2008年、2010年和2011年505例相对健康儿童的拭子。结果。每年在所检查患者中发现HCoV的比例为2.6%-6.1%；无论性别，成人中的检测频率在统计学上高于儿童。在2019年12月疾病发病率高峰期，在所检查患者中13.7%检测到HCoV，与该月多年平均水平相比增加了两倍。6岁以下ARI儿科患者中HCoV检测的统计学频率显著高于其健康同龄人（3.7%对0.7%，p = 0.008）。
HCoV每年传播，在莫斯科地区呈现冬春季节活动模式，12月达到峰值水平。在多年观察中，HCoV流行活动在2019年12月至2020年2月达到最高水平，3月降至多年平均水平。在2020年3月莫斯科输入的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病例数不断增加的情况下，HCoV检测频率急剧下降，这可以用不同冠状病毒之间的竞争以及本研究中使用的诊断试剂盒检测HCoV的特异性来解释。
