Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, ,Egypt.
College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ,China.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2021;18(10):1391-1405. doi: 10.2174/1567201818666210203180853.
Cancer is a global multifactorial disease consisting of over 200 types of cancers. It is well recognized that primary prevention is an effective way to fight cancers by using natural polyphenolic anticancer foods, vegetables, and fruits, avoiding exposure to the carcinogenic environment, smoking cessation, and through lifestyle modifications. The present review provides up-todate information on the effects and functions of pomegranate juice and its bioactive components on the most widespread six cancer types. Pomegranate contains important polyphenolic compounds, such as ellagitannins and punicalagin, with strong antioxidant ability for scavenging free radicals and producing metal-chelates in the biological tissues. The in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties of pomegranate constitute have major antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities for regulating gene expression, modulating cellular mechanisms, and limiting the ability of cancers to metastasize. A limited number of clinical studies have suggested that pomegranate ingredients have the potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer, especially colorectal and prostate cancer. In cancer therapy, it remains a clinical dilemma to hit the right target without inducing side effects. The costly anticancer chemotherapies are often associated with drug resistance and serious side effects in vital organs and noncancerous neighboring cells. It appears that the pomegranate-based phytotherapy would be affordable and cost-effective for next-generation non-pharmacologic anticancer remedies with lesser side effects. However, well-designed, randomized, double-blind, and multi-center studies are needed to establish the long-term safety, efficacy, and dose schedules for orally deliverable pomegranate formulations.
癌症是一种全球性的多因素疾病，由超过 200 种癌症组成。人们已经认识到，通过使用天然多酚抗癌食品、蔬菜和水果，避免接触致癌环境、戒烟以及改变生活方式，初级预防是对抗癌症的有效方法。本综述提供了关于石榴汁及其生物活性成分对最常见的六种癌症类型的作用和功能的最新信息。石榴含有重要的多酚类化合物，如鞣花单宁和安石榴甙，具有很强的抗氧化能力，可清除自由基，并在生物组织中产生金属螯合物。体外和体内研究表明，石榴的抗氧化和抗炎特性具有主要的抗突变和抗增殖活性，可调节基因表达、调节细胞机制，并限制癌症转移的能力。为数不多的临床研究表明，石榴成分具有预防和治疗癌症的潜力，特别是结直肠癌和前列腺癌。在癌症治疗中，在不引起副作用的情况下准确打击目标仍然是一个临床难题。昂贵的抗癌化疗药物往往与耐药性和重要器官和非癌相邻细胞的严重副作用有关。石榴为基础的植物疗法似乎是一种负担得起且具有成本效益的下一代非药物抗癌疗法，副作用较小。然而，需要进行精心设计、随机、双盲和多中心研究，以确定可口服给予的石榴制剂的长期安全性、疗效和剂量方案。
