Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Nanoscale. 2021 Feb 14;13(6):3374-3411. doi: 10.1039/d0nr08353d. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
Bacterial, viral and fungal infections pose serious threats to human health and well-being. The continuous emergence of acute infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes and the rapid development of resistances against conventional antimicrobial drugs necessitates the development of new and effective strategies for the safe elimination of microbes in water, food or on surfaces, as well as for the inactivation of pathogenic microbes in human hosts. The need for new antimicrobials has triggered the development of plasmonic nano-antimicrobials that facilitate both light-dependent and -independent microbe inactivation mechanisms. This review introduces the relevant photophysical mechanisms underlying these plasmonic nano-antimicrobials, and provides an overview of how the photoresponses and materials properties of plasmonic nanostructures can be applied in microbial pathogen inactivation and sensing applications. Through a systematic analysis of the inactivation efficacies of different plasmonic nanostructures, this review outlines the current state-of-the-art in plasmonic nano-antimicrobials and defines the application space for different microbial inactivation strategies. The advantageous optical properties of plasmonic nano-antimicrobials also enhance microbial detection and sensing modalities and thus help to avoid exposure to microbial pathogens. Sensitive and fast plasmonic microbial sensing modalities and their theranostic and targeted therapeutic applications are discussed.
细菌、病毒和真菌感染对人类健康和福祉构成严重威胁。由病原微生物引起的急性传染病不断出现,以及对抗生素的耐药性迅速发展,这就需要开发新的有效策略,以安全地消除水中、食物或表面的微生物,以及消灭人体宿主中的病原微生物。对新抗菌药物的需求促使人们开发出等离子体纳米抗菌药物,这些药物有利于光依赖性和非光依赖性的微生物灭活机制。本综述介绍了这些等离子体纳米抗菌药物的相关光物理机制,并概述了等离子体纳米结构的光响应和材料特性如何应用于微生物病原体的灭活和传感应用。通过对不同等离子体纳米结构的灭活效率进行系统分析,本综述概述了等离子体纳米抗菌药物的现状,并确定了不同微生物灭活策略的应用空间。等离子体纳米抗菌药物的有利光学特性也增强了微生物检测和传感模式,从而有助于避免接触微生物病原体。本文还讨论了敏感、快速的等离子体微生物传感模式及其治疗和靶向治疗应用。