Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
UCSC Paleogenomics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Feb 2;12(2):215. doi: 10.3390/genes12020215.
The rulers of the Inka empire conquered approximately 2 million km of the South American Andes in just under 100 years from 1438-1533 CE. Inside the empire, the elite conducted a systematic resettlement of the many Indigenous peoples in the Andes that had been rapidly colonised. The nature of this resettlement phenomenon is recorded within the Spanish colonial ethnohistorical record. Here we have broadly characterised the resettlement policy, despite the often incomplete and conflicting details in the descriptions. We then review research from multiple disciplines that investigate the empirical reality of the Inka resettlement policy, including stable isotope analysis, intentional cranial deformation morphology, ceramic artefact chemical analyses and genetics. Further, we discuss the benefits and limitations of each discipline for investigating the resettlement policy and emphasise their collective value in an interdisciplinary characterisation of the resettlement policy.
印加帝国的统治者在 1438 年至 1533 年的不到 100 年时间里征服了南美洲安第斯山脉约 200 万平方千米的土地。在帝国境内，精英们对安第斯地区许多被迅速殖民的原住民进行了系统的重新安置。这种重新安置现象的性质记录在西班牙殖民时期的民族历史记录中。在这里，我们广泛描述了重新安置政策，尽管描述中经常存在不完整和相互矛盾的细节。然后，我们回顾了来自多个学科的研究，这些研究调查了印加重新安置政策的实证现实，包括稳定同位素分析、有意颅骨变形形态、陶瓷人工制品化学分析和遗传学。此外，我们讨论了每个学科在调查重新安置政策方面的优势和局限性，并强调了它们在重新安置政策的跨学科特征中的集体价值。
