Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1295:135-162. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_7.
During the last 20+ years, research into the biomedical application of nanotechnology has helped in reshaping cancer treatment. The clinical use of several passively targeted nanosystems resulted in improved quality of care for patients. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these systems is not superior to the original drugs. Moreover, despite extensive investigations into actively targeted nanocarriers, numerous barriers still remain before their successful clinical translation, including sufficient bloodstream circulation time and efficient tumor targeting. The combination of synthetic nanomaterials with biological elements (e.g., cells, cell membranes, and macromolecules) is presently the cutting-edge research in cancer nanotechnology. The features provided by the biological moieties render the particles with prolonged bloodstream circulation time and homotopic targeting to the tumor site. Moreover, cancer cell membranes serve as sources of neoantigens, useful in the formulation of nanovaccines. In this chapter, we will discuss the advantages of biohybrid nanosystems in cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combined therapy, as well as highlight their preparation methods and clinical translatability.
在过去的 20 多年中，纳米技术在生物医学应用方面的研究帮助重塑了癌症治疗。几种被动靶向纳米系统的临床应用提高了患者的护理质量。然而，这些系统的治疗效果并不优于原始药物。此外，尽管对主动靶向纳米载体进行了广泛的研究，但在成功进行临床转化之前，仍然存在许多障碍，包括足够的血液循环时间和有效的肿瘤靶向。合成纳米材料与生物成分（例如细胞、细胞膜和大分子）的结合是目前癌症纳米技术的前沿研究。生物部分提供的特性使颗粒具有延长的血液循环时间和同源靶向肿瘤部位的能力。此外，癌细胞膜可用作新型抗原的来源，可用于纳米疫苗的制备。在本章中，我们将讨论生物杂交纳米系统在癌症化疗、免疫治疗和联合治疗中的优势，并强调它们的制备方法和临床转化。
