Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et de nutrition, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen-France.
Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation,UMR 1149, INSERM, Université Paris-Diderot, ERL CNRS 8252, Paris-France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Feb 5;15(2):e0009087. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009087. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Intestinal parasitic diseases are a global health problem. Due to its equatorial climate, vast territory with isolated areas and the precariousness of its population, intestinal parasitosis is considered to be a major issue in French Guiana but only few data are available and these mainly focus on specific population. We aimed at determining the parasitic index and at describing the characteristics of these infections in order to develop preventive strategies.
We retrospectively analysed all the parasitological samples recorded in the register of the two main laboratories of French Guiana between 2011 and 2016. The parasitic index was the percentage of parasitised patients in comparison with the total number of subjects studied. A patient who underwent several positive parasitological examinations was considered only once in the analysis at the time of the first sampling.
A total of 15,220 parasitological samples of 9,555 patients were analysed and 2,916 were positive in 1,521 patients. The average infestation rate and parasitic index were 19.2% and 16.0%, respectively. The parasitic index remained stable between 2011 (18.2%) and 2016 (18.3%). The patients were mainly men (66.4%), with a median age of 33.0 years (26.3% of patients were under 18 years of age) and lived mainly in the Central Agglomeration (48.2%) and in West Guiana (37.4%). Hookworms were the most common parasite (25.2%) followed by Entamoeba coli (13.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (10.9%) and Giardia intestinalis (10.8%). Among the infected patients, 31.0% presented mixed infections and 67.5% of them had at least one pathogenic parasite. The patients aged from 0 to 18 years presented significantly more polyparasitism (30.9%) than monoparasitism (24.3%, p<0.001). Ancylostoma sp and Strongyloides stercoralis were mainly diagnosed during the rainy season (59.5% and 64.7% respectively), in men (78.6% and 81.1% respectively) and in patients aged from 18 to 65 years (86.6% and 76.6% respectively) whereas, Giardia intestinalis infected mostly children under 5 years (59.5%) of age.
Although it may not be representative of the entire Guyanese population, the parasitic index remained high and stable from 2011 and 2016 and it justifies the need for an active prevention program as it was already done in the other French overseas departments such as Martinique and Guadeloupe.
肠道寄生虫病是一个全球性的健康问题。由于其赤道气候、地域广阔且有孤立地区以及人口条件不稳定等因素，法属圭亚那被认为是肠道寄生虫病的一个主要问题，但目前仅有少量数据可用，且这些数据主要集中在特定人群。我们旨在确定寄生虫指数，并描述这些感染的特征，以便制定预防策略。
我们回顾性分析了 2011 年至 2016 年间法属圭亚那两个主要实验室登记册中的所有寄生虫学样本。寄生虫指数是寄生虫感染患者占研究总人数的百分比。一个接受多次阳性寄生虫学检查的患者，在第一次采样时仅被分析一次。
共分析了 9555 名患者的 15220 份寄生虫学样本，其中 2916 份在 1521 名患者中呈阳性。总感染率和寄生虫指数分别为 19.2%和 16.0%。寄生虫指数在 2011 年（18.2%）和 2016 年（18.3%）之间保持稳定。患者主要为男性（66.4%），中位年龄为 33.0 岁（26.3%的患者年龄在 18 岁以下），主要居住在中集聚区（48.2%）和西圭亚那（37.4%）。钩虫是最常见的寄生虫（25.2%），其次是大肠杆菌（13.3%）、粪类圆线虫（10.9%）和肠贾第虫（10.8%）。在感染患者中，31.0%存在混合感染，67.5%的患者至少有一种致病性寄生虫。0 至 18 岁的患者明显更多地发生混合感染（30.9%），而非单一感染（24.3%，p<0.001）。钩虫和粪类圆线虫主要在雨季（分别为 59.5%和 64.7%）、男性（分别为 78.6%和 81.1%）和 18 至 65 岁的患者中（分别为 86.6%和 76.6%）被诊断出来，而肠贾第虫主要感染 5 岁以下儿童（59.5%）。
尽管它可能无法代表整个圭亚那人的情况，但 2011 年至 2016 年期间寄生虫指数仍然很高且稳定，这证明有必要像在其他法属海外省（如马提尼克和瓜德罗普）一样，开展积极的预防计划。
