Dowlatshahi Sayeh, Abdekhodaie Mohammad J
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Yeates School of Graduate Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Chim Acta. 2021 May;516:111-135. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.018. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Prostate cancer (PCa), the second most malignant neoplasm in men, is also the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men globally. Unfortunately, this malignancy remains largely asymptomatic until late-stage emergence when treatment is limited due to the lack of effective metastatic PCa therapeutics. Due to these limitations, early PCa detection through prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has become increasingly important, resulting in a more than 50% decrease in mortality. Conventional assays for PSA detection, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are labor intensive, relatively expensive, operator-dependent and do not provide adequate sensitivity. Electrochemical biosensors overcome these limitations because they are rapid, cost-effective, simple to use and ultrasensitive. This article reviews electrochemical PSA biosensors using electroconductive nanomaterials such as carbon-, metal-, metal oxide- and peptide-based nanostructures, as well as polymers to significantly improve conductivity and enhance sensitivity. Challenges associated with the development of these devices are discussed thus providing additional insight into their analytic strength as well as their potential use in early PCa detection.
前列腺癌（PCa）是男性第二常见的恶性肿瘤，也是全球男性癌症相关死亡的第五大原因。不幸的是，这种恶性肿瘤在很大程度上仍无症状，直到晚期才出现，此时由于缺乏有效的转移性前列腺癌治疗方法，治疗受到限制。由于这些限制，通过前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）筛查进行早期前列腺癌检测变得越来越重要，死亡率降低了50%以上。传统的PSA检测方法，如酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），劳动强度大、相对昂贵、依赖操作人员，且灵敏度不足。电化学生物传感器克服了这些限制，因为它们快速、经济高效、使用简单且超灵敏。本文综述了使用碳基、金属基、金属氧化物基和肽基纳米结构等导电纳米材料以及聚合物的电化学PSA生物传感器，以显著提高导电性并增强灵敏度。讨论了与这些设备开发相关的挑战，从而进一步深入了解其分析优势以及在早期前列腺癌检测中的潜在用途。
