Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Br J Anaesth. 2021 Apr;126(4):845-853. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.12.029. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Non-human primates are commonly used in neuroimaging research for which general anaesthesia or sedation is typically required for data acquisition. In this analysis, the cumulative effects of exposure to ketamine, Telazol® (tiletamine and zolazepam), and the inhaled anaesthetic isoflurane on early brain development were evaluated in two independent cohorts of typically developing rhesus macaques.
Diffusion MRI scans were analysed from 43 rhesus macaques (20 females and 23 males) at either 12 or 18 months of age from two separate primate colonies.
Significant, widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy with corresponding increased axial, mean, and radial diffusivity were observed across the brain as a result of repeated anaesthesia exposures. These effects were dose dependent and remained after accounting for age and sex at time of exposure in a generalised linear model. Decreases of up to 40% in fractional anisotropy were detected in some brain regions.
Multiple exposures to commonly used anaesthetics were associated with marked changes in white matter microstructure. This study is amongst the first to examine clinically relevant anaesthesia exposures on the developing primate brain. It will be important to examine if, or to what degree, the maturing brain can recover from these white matter changes.
非人类灵长类动物通常用于神经影像学研究，为了获取数据，通常需要全身麻醉或镇静。在这项分析中，我们评估了在两个独立的正常发育恒河猴队列中，暴露于氯胺酮、替唑仑（甲苯噻嗪和唑拉西泮）和吸入麻醉剂异氟醚对早期大脑发育的累积影响。
对来自两个灵长类动物群体的 43 只恒河猴（20 只雌性和 23 只雄性）在 12 或 18 个月龄时进行弥散 MRI 扫描分析。
由于反复麻醉暴露，大脑中出现了广泛的、明显的各向异性分数降低，相应的轴向、平均和径向扩散度增加。这些影响与剂量有关，并且在广义线性模型中，在考虑暴露时的年龄和性别后仍然存在。在一些脑区检测到高达 40%的各向异性分数降低。
多次接触常用麻醉剂与白质微观结构的明显变化有关。这项研究是首次检查临床上相关的麻醉暴露对发育中的灵长类动物大脑的影响。重要的是要检查成熟的大脑是否可以从这些白质变化中恢复，以及恢复的程度如何。
