Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 4;13(2):504. doi: 10.3390/nu13020504.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement predominantly affecting women of childbearing age. Environmental factors, as well as genetic predisposition, can cause immunological disturbances that manifest as SLE. A habitual high-fat diet and obesity have recently been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The frequency of obesity is higher in patients with SLE than in general populations. Vitamin D and adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, are possible mediators connecting obesity and SLE. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels are elevated in patients with SLE and can impact innate and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D deficiency is commonly observed in SLE. Because vitamin D can modulate the functionality of various immune cells, we review vitamin D supplementation and its effects on the course of clinical disease in this work. We also discuss high-fat diets coinciding with alterations of the gut microbiome, or dysbiosis. Contingent upon dietary habits, microbiota can be conducive to the maintenance of immune homeostasis. A high-fat diet can give rise to dysbiosis, and patients who are affected by obesity and/or have SLE possess less diverse microbiota. Interestingly, a hypothesis about dysbiosis and the development of SLE has been suggested and reviewed here.
系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，以多器官受累为特征，主要影响育龄期妇女。环境因素以及遗传易感性可能导致免疫失调，表现为 SLE。习惯性高脂肪饮食和肥胖最近被报道在自身免疫性疾病的发病机制中起作用。SLE 患者的肥胖频率高于一般人群。维生素 D 和脂肪因子，如瘦素和脂联素，可能是连接肥胖和 SLE 的中介物。SLE 患者的血清瘦素和脂联素水平升高，并能影响固有和适应性免疫。SLE 中常见维生素 D 缺乏。由于维生素 D 可以调节各种免疫细胞的功能，我们在这项工作中综述了维生素 D 补充及其对临床疾病进程的影响。我们还讨论了高脂肪饮食与肠道微生物组改变或失调的关系。根据饮食习惯，微生物组有助于维持免疫稳态。高脂肪饮食会导致失调，肥胖和/或患有 SLE 的患者的微生物组多样性减少。有趣的是，这里提出并综述了关于失调与 SLE 发展的假说。
