Jelsma Tinka, Wijnker Joris J, van der Poel Wim H M, Wisselink Henk J
Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR) part of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Pathogens. 2021 Feb 4;10(2):173. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020173.
Animal intestines are the source of edible sausage casings, which are traded worldwide and may come from areas where notifiable infectious animal diseases are prevalent. To estimate the risks of virus contamination, knowledge about the quantity of virus and decimal reduction values of the standard preservation method by salting is of great importance. A literature search, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was performed in search engine CAB Abstracts to determine the viral load of 14 relevant animal viruses in natural casings or intestines. Only a very limited number of scientific publications per virus were found and viral loads in the intestines varied from high for ASFV (five publications), BVDV (3), CSFV (6), PPRV (3), RPV(2) and TGEV (3) to moderate for PEDV (2) and SVDV (3), low for HEV (2) and FMDV (5), very low for VESV (1) and negative for PrV (2) and VSV (1). PRRSV was found in intestines, however, viral titers were not published. Three viruses (BVDV, CSFV and PPRV) with high viral loads were selected to search for their inactivation kinetics. For casings, no inactivation data were found, however, thermal inactivation data of these viruses were available, but differed in quantity, quality and matrices. In conclusion, important data gaps still exist when it comes to the quantitative inactivation of viruses in sausage casings or livestock intestines.
动物肠道是可食用香肠肠衣的来源，这些肠衣在全球范围内交易，可能来自有动物应通报传染病流行的地区。为了评估病毒污染风险，了解病毒数量以及盐渍标准保存方法的十进制减少值非常重要。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，在CAB文摘搜索引擎中进行了文献检索，以确定天然肠衣或肠道中14种相关动物病毒的病毒载量。每种病毒仅发现数量非常有限的科学出版物，肠道中的病毒载量各不相同，非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV，5篇出版物）、牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV，3篇）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV，6篇）、小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV，3篇）、蓝舌病病毒（RPV，2篇）和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV，3篇）的病毒载量较高，猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV，2篇）和猪水疱病病毒（SVDV，3篇）的病毒载量中等，戊型肝炎病毒（HEV，2篇）和口蹄疫病毒（FMDV，5篇）的病毒载量较低，水疱性口炎病毒（VESV，1篇）的病毒载量极低，伪狂犬病病毒（PrV，2篇）和水疱性口炎病毒（VSV，1篇）的病毒载量为阴性。在肠道中发现了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV），然而，病毒滴度未公布。选择了三种病毒载量高的病毒（BVDV、CSFV和PPRV）来研究它们的失活动力学。对于肠衣，未找到失活数据，然而，这些病毒的热失活数据是可用的，但在数量、质量和基质方面存在差异。总之，在香肠肠衣或家畜肠道中病毒的定量失活方面，仍然存在重要的数据空白。
