Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Jun;31(6):1196-1208. doi: 10.1111/sms.13934. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Inhibitory control is a main component of executive functions that relate to the ability to control prepotent responses and to resist interferences. Deficits in inhibitory control have been associated with numerous disorders, but exercise has become a promising approach to benefit this domain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide synthesized information and effect size calculations of the benefits of chronic exercise interventions on the inhibitory control of healthy children and adolescents. A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, and PsycArticles identified 4166 articles to be screened for eligibility. A total of 10 studies (3138 participants) met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects analysis model was performed in three variables: accuracy, reaction time and combined scores. The results showed a very small but statistically significant effect in accuracy (d = 0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27, P =.04), and two almost null effects (statistically non-significant), in the reaction time (d = 0.03, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.16, P =.62) and the combined scores (d = 0.06, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.15, P =.17). Despite the high number of studies that reported positive outcomes, this meta-analysis found only modest benefits in the inhibitory control of healthy children and adolescents after they participated in different chronic exercise interventions. The strict inclusion criteria of this study and the high variability in the designs of the exercise interventions included, among other reasons, might explain the obtained results.
抑制控制是执行功能的主要组成部分，与控制优势反应和抵制干扰的能力有关。抑制控制缺陷与许多疾病有关，但运动已成为改善这一领域的一种有前途的方法。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在提供关于慢性运动干预对健康儿童和青少年抑制控制益处的综合信息和效应量计算。通过系统搜索 PubMed、PsycINFO、MEDLINE、ERIC、SPORTDiscus 和 PsycArticles，共筛选出 4166 篇文章以确定其纳入资格。共有 10 项研究（3138 名参与者）符合纳入标准。在三个变量（准确性、反应时间和综合评分）中进行了随机效应分析模型。结果表明，在准确性方面存在非常小但具有统计学意义的影响（d=0.14，95%CI 0.01 至 0.27，P=.04），在反应时间（d=0.03，95%CI -0.10 至 0.16，P=.62）和综合评分（d=0.06，95%CI -0.03 至 0.15，P=.17）方面存在两个几乎为零的影响（统计学上无显著性）。尽管有许多研究报告了积极的结果，但本荟萃分析发现，健康儿童和青少年在参加不同慢性运动干预后，其抑制控制仅略有改善。本研究的严格纳入标准以及纳入的运动干预设计的高度变异性等原因可能解释了所获得的结果。
