School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, China.
College of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Oct;23(10):949-954. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.03.007. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
To use a quantitative approach to examine the effects of chronic physical activity (PA) interventions on executive functions (EFs) in children aged 3-7 years.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from their inception to December 2019. Intervention studies with a control group that examined the effects of chronic PA interventions on EFs among children aged 3-7 years were included in this meta-analysis. Lastly, subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the potential modifying effects of chronic PA intervention's characteristics and study quality.
A total of 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 716 participants. The fixed-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect sizes since heterogeneity across included studies was not significant. The summary effects revealed that chronic PA interventions have a small but positive effects on participants' overall EFs [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20-0.50] as well as inhibition (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.12-0.62) and working memory (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.02-0.46) domains and a moderate effect on the cognitive flexibility domain (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.28-1.05). Lastly, the pooled effect was not significantly modified by intervention duration, session length, or frequency.
Chronic PA interventions, especially PA plus cognitive challenges interventions, may be a promising way to promote the development of multiple aspects of EFs in children aged 3-7 years.
采用定量方法考察慢性身体活动（PA）干预对 3-7 岁儿童执行功能（EF）的影响。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
从建库至 2019 年 12 月，检索 PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库、PsycINFO 和中国知网，纳入比较慢性 PA 干预对 3-7 岁儿童 EF 影响的对照试验。最后进行亚组分析，以考察慢性 PA 干预特征和研究质量的潜在调节作用。
该荟萃分析共纳入 10 项研究，共 716 名参与者。由于纳入研究之间的异质性不显著，因此采用固定效应模型来估计合并效应量。汇总效应表明，慢性 PA 干预对参与者的整体 EF[标准化均数差（SMD）=0.35，95%置信区间（CI）：0.20-0.50]以及抑制（SMD=0.37，95%CI：0.12-0.62）和工作记忆（SMD=0.24，95%CI：0.02-0.46）领域具有较小但积极的影响，对认知灵活性领域具有中等影响（SMD=0.66，95%CI：0.28-1.05）。最后，干预持续时间、课程长度或频率均未显著改变合并效应。
慢性 PA 干预，尤其是 PA 加认知挑战干预，可能是促进 3-7 岁儿童 EF 多方面发展的一种有前途的方法。
