The Salvesen Mindroom Research Centre, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021 May;16(3):649-653. doi: 10.1177/1745691620958010. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Deficit-based accounts of social and communication abilities continue to dominate autism research. However, emerging findings suggest that this view may be overly simplistic and discount the two-way nature of interaction. Here we discuss the reconceptualization of social cognition to consider such difficulties as examples of bidirectional, multifaceted misattunement between autistic and nonautistic individuals. Aligned with progressive theoretical frameworks, emerging empirical research indicates that mismatches in communication styles can contribute to autistic social difficulties and the important role that nonautistic difficulties play. We highlight two areas of future research with the aim of providing empirical support for the views that the autistic community has proposed over the past 2 decades. We discuss the impact of such a paradigm shift on a number of levels, including how bridging the gap between different interaction styles can reduce stigma and increase understanding. Adopting such a framework will provide radical opportunities for transformative societal changes and education around inclusion.
基于缺陷的社交和沟通能力理论仍然主导着自闭症研究。然而，新出现的研究结果表明，这种观点可能过于简单化，并忽视了互动的双向性。在这里，我们讨论了对社会认知的重新概念化，以将这些困难视为自闭症个体和非自闭症个体之间双向、多方面的失调的例子。与渐进的理论框架一致，新兴的实证研究表明，沟通方式的不匹配可能导致自闭症的社交困难，以及非自闭症困难所起的重要作用。我们强调了未来研究的两个领域，旨在为自闭症社区在过去 20 年中提出的观点提供实证支持。我们讨论了这种范式转变在多个层面上的影响，包括如何弥合不同互动方式之间的差距，可以减少污名化并增进理解。采用这样的框架将为包括变革性的社会变革和包容性教育在内的激进机会提供支持。
