Loss Julika, Boklage Evgeniya, Jordan Susanne, Jenny Mirjam A, Weishaar Heide, El Bcheraoui Charbel
Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
Zentrum für internationalen Gesundheitsschutz, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021 Mar;64(3):294-303. doi: 10.1007/s00103-021-03283-3. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Risk communication plays a central role in public health emergencies: it must enable informed decisions, promote protective or life-sustaining behaviour, and maintain trust in public institutions. In addition, uncertainties in knowledge must be named transparently; irrational fears and rumours must be refuted. Success factors for risk communication are the participation of citizens as well as the continuous recording of risk perception and risk competence in population groups. The current COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) pandemic poses specific challenges for risk communication.The state of knowledge on many important aspects concerning COVID-19 was and is often uncertain or preliminary, e.g. on transmission, symptoms, long-term effects and immunity. Communication is characterised by scientific language and an array of figures and statistics, which can render the content difficult to understand. Alongside the official announcements and statements by experts, COVID-19 is widely communicated on social media, spreading misinformation and speculation; this "infodemic" can complicate risk communication.Various national and international scientific projects will help tailor risk communication on COVID-19 to target groups and thereby render it more effective. These projects include explorative studies on how people deal with COVID-19-related information; the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) project, a regularly conducted online survey on risk perception and protective behaviour; and an interdisciplinary qualitative study that compares the design, implementation and effectiveness of risk communication strategies in four countries.
它必须促成明智的决策，促进保护性或维持生命的行为，并维持公众对公共机构的信任。此外，必须透明地指出知识中的不确定性；必须驳斥非理性恐惧和谣言。风险沟通的成功因素包括公民的参与以及对人群风险认知和风险应对能力的持续记录。当前的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行给风险沟通带来了特殊挑战。关于COVID-19许多重要方面的知识状况过去和现在常常不确定或只是初步的，例如传播、症状、长期影响和免疫力。沟通的特点是使用科学语言以及大量的数据和统计数字，这可能使内容难以理解。除了官方公告和专家声明外，COVID-19在社交媒体上广泛传播，传播错误信息和猜测；这种“信息疫情”会使风险沟通变得复杂。各种国家和国际科学项目将有助于针对不同群体量身定制关于COVID-19的风险沟通，从而使其更有效。这些项目包括关于人们如何处理与COVID-19相关信息的探索性研究；COVID-19快速监测（COSMO）项目，一项关于风险认知和保护行为的定期在线调查；以及一项跨学科定性研究，该研究比较了四个国家风险沟通策略的设计、实施和效果。
