Dickmann Petra, Strahwald Brigitte
Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin - Public Health Hub, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland.
Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Institut für medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie - IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2022 May;65(5):545-551. doi: 10.1007/s00103-022-03529-8. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Risk communication of public institutions should support the population in the decision-making process in the event of existing risks. It plays a particularly important role in health emergencies such as the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic. After the SARS outbreak in 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised its International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) and called for risk communication to be established as a core area of health policy in all member countries. While the emphasis on health policy was welcomed, the potential for risk communication in this area has not yet been fully exploited. Reasons include discrepancies in the understanding of risk communication and the large number of available methods.This discussion article is intended to help establish a new understanding of risk communication in public health emergencies (emergency risk communication - ERC). It is suggested that, in addition to the risks, the opportunities of the crisis should be included more and that risk communication should be understood more as a continuous process that can be optimized at various points. The "Earlier-Faster-Smoother-Smarter" approach and in particular the earlier detection of health risks ("Earlier") could support the management of public health emergencies in the future.
公共机构的风险沟通应在存在风险的情况下，支持民众进行决策。它在诸如严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行等卫生紧急事件中发挥着尤为重要的作用。2003年非典疫情爆发后，世界卫生组织（WHO）修订了其《国际卫生条例》（2005年《国际卫生条例》），并呼吁将风险沟通确立为所有成员国卫生政策的核心领域。虽然对卫生政策的重视受到欢迎，但该领域风险沟通的潜力尚未得到充分挖掘。原因包括对风险沟通的理解存在差异以及可用方法众多。这篇讨论文章旨在帮助建立对突发公共卫生事件中风险沟通（紧急风险沟通-ERC）的新认识。建议除了风险之外，还应更多地纳入危机带来的机遇，并且应将风险沟通更多地理解为一个可以在各个环节进行优化的持续过程。“早-快-顺-智”方法，特别是尽早发现健康风险（“早”），可为未来突发公共卫生事件的管理提供支持。
