Hoffman Jordan E, Ciubotariu Ilinca I, Simubali Limonty, Mudenda Twig, Moss William J, Carpi Giovanna, Norris Douglas E, Stevenson Jennifer C
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Insects. 2021 Feb 8;12(2):146. doi: 10.3390/insects12020146.
Despite dramatic reductions in malaria cases in the catchment area of Macha Hospital, Choma District, Southern Province in Zambia, prevalence has remained near 1-2% by RDT for the past several years. To investigate residual malaria transmission in the area, this study focuses on the relative abundance, foraging behavior, and phylogenetic relationships of specimens. In 2011, higher than expected rates of anthropophily were observed among "zoophilic" , a species that had sporadically been found to contain sporozoites. The importance of in the region was reaffirmed in 2016 when sporozoites were detected in numerous specimens. This study analyzed Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light trap collections of adult mosquitoes from two collection schemes: one performed as part of a reactive-test-and-treat program and the second performed along a geographical transect. Morphological identification, molecular verification of anopheline species, and blood meal source were determined on individual samples. Data from these collections supported earlier studies demonstrating to be primarily exophagic and zoophilic, allowing them to evade current control measures. The phylogenetic relationships generated from the specimens in this study illustrate the existence of well supported clade structure among specimens, which further emphasizes the importance of molecular identification of vectors. The primarily exophagic behavior of in these collections also highlights that indoor vector control strategies will not be sufficient for elimination of malaria in southern Zambia.
尽管赞比亚南部省乔马区马查医院集水区的疟疾病例大幅减少，但在过去几年中，通过快速诊断检测（RDT）得出的疟疾流行率仍接近1%-2%。为了调查该地区残留的疟疾传播情况，本研究聚焦于样本的相对丰度、觅食行为和系统发育关系。2011年，在“嗜动物的”蚊子中观察到高于预期的嗜人率，该物种偶尔被发现含有子孢子。2016年，当在大量样本中检测到子孢子时，再次证实了该物种在该地区的重要性。本研究分析了疾病控制中心（CDC）的灯光诱捕器收集的成年蚊子，这些蚊子来自两种收集方案：一种是作为反应性检测和治疗计划的一部分进行的，另一种是沿着地理样带进行的。对单个样本进行了按蚊种类的形态学鉴定、分子验证以及血餐来源测定。这些收集的数据支持了早期的研究，表明该物种主要为外食性和嗜动物性，使其能够避开当前的控制措施。本研究中样本产生的系统发育关系说明了样本中存在得到充分支持的进化枝结构，这进一步强调了病媒分子鉴定的重要性。这些收集中该物种主要的外食性行为也凸显出，室内病媒控制策略不足以在赞比亚南部消除疟疾。
