外泌体 miRNA 在膀胱癌中的作用：一种有前途的液体活检生物标志物。
Role of Exosomal miRNA in Bladder Cancer: A Promising Liquid Biopsy Biomarker.
机构信息
Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
出版信息
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 8;22(4):1713. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041713.
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most prevalent neoplasia of the urinary tract. Unfortunately, limited improvements in effective BCa management have meant that it remains a challenging disease. Cystoscopy has been the gold standard for BCa diagnosis and surveillance for over two centuries but is an invasive and expensive approach. Recently, liquid biopsy has been identified as a promising field of cancer research, due to its noninvasiveness and ease of sampling. Liquid biopsy samples could provide comprehensive information regarding the genetic landscape of cancer and could track genomic evolution of the disease over time. Exosomes, which contain RNAs, DNAs, and proteins, are a potential source of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsy samples. In particular, exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) hold great promise as biomarkers for tumor development and progression. In this review, we provide an overview of liquid biopsy biomarkers, with a particular focus on the use of exomiRs as biomarkers of cancer, and summarize their clinical implications for BCa. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of these biomarkers in cancer research.
膀胱癌（BCa）是最常见的尿路肿瘤。不幸的是，BCa 治疗效果的改善有限，这意味着它仍然是一种具有挑战性的疾病。膀胱镜检查作为 BCa 的诊断和监测方法已有两个多世纪的历史，但它是一种具有侵入性和昂贵的方法。最近，液体活检已被确定为癌症研究的一个有前途的领域，因为它具有非侵入性和易于采样的特点。液体活检样本可以提供有关癌症遗传景观的全面信息，并可以随着时间的推移跟踪疾病的基因组演变。外泌体包含 RNA、DNA 和蛋白质，是液体活检样本中肿瘤生物标志物的潜在来源。特别是，外泌体 miRNA（exomiRs）作为肿瘤发展和进展的生物标志物具有很大的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们概述了液体活检生物标志物，特别关注 exomiRs 作为癌症生物标志物的用途，并总结了它们在 BCa 中的临床意义。最后，我们讨论了这些生物标志物在癌症研究中的未来前景。
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