Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2021 Sep;18(9):1169-1192. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1889512. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
Recent statistics have reported colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in the world. Early diagnosis of CRC may help to reduce the mortality and associated complications. However, the conventional diagnostic techniques often lead to misdiagnosis, fail to differentiate benign from malignant tissue or diagnose only at an advanced stage. For the treatment of CRC, surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy have been employed. However, the quality of living of the CRC patients is highly compromised after employing current therapeutic approaches owing to the toxicity issues and relapse.
This review accentuates the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, stages of CRC, conventional approaches for diagnosis and therapy of CRC and the issues confronted thereby. It provides an outlook on the advantages of employing nanotechnology-based approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC.
Employing nanotechnology-based approaches has demonstrated promising outcomes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. Nanotechnology-based approaches can surmount the major drawbacks of traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Nanotechnology bestows the advantage of early detection of CRC which helps to undertake instant steps for offering efficient therapy and reducing the mortality rates. For the treatment of CRC, nanocarriers offer the benefit of achieving controlled drug release, improved drug bioavailability, enhanced tumor targetability and reduced adverse effects.
最近的统计数据显示，结直肠癌（CRC）是世界上导致癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。CRC 的早期诊断可能有助于降低死亡率和相关并发症。然而，常规的诊断技术常常导致误诊，无法区分良性和恶性组织，或者只能在晚期诊断。对于 CRC 的治疗，手术、化疗、免疫疗法和放疗已经被采用。然而，由于毒性问题和复发，采用目前的治疗方法后，CRC 患者的生活质量受到了极大的损害。
这篇综述强调了结直肠癌发病机制、CRC 分期、CRC 的常规诊断和治疗方法及其面临的问题涉及的分子机制。它展望了基于纳米技术的方法在 CRC 的预防、早期诊断和治疗中的应用优势。
基于纳米技术的方法在 CRC 的预防、诊断和治疗方面已经显示出了有前景的结果。基于纳米技术的方法可以克服传统诊断和治疗方法的主要缺点。纳米技术具有早期检测 CRC 的优势，有助于立即采取措施提供有效的治疗，降低死亡率。对于 CRC 的治疗，纳米载体具有实现药物控制释放、提高药物生物利用度、增强肿瘤靶向性和减少不良反应的优势。
