Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Plant Sci. 2021 Mar;304:110737. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110737. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Contemporary climate change is exposing plant populations to novel combinations of temperatures, drought stress, [CO] and other abiotic and biotic conditions. These changes are rapidly disrupting the evolutionary dynamics of plants. Despite the multifactorial nature of climate change, most studies typically manipulate only one climatic factor. In this opinion piece, we explore how climate change factors interact with each other and with biotic pressures to alter evolutionary processes. We evaluate the ramifications of climate change across life history stages,and examine how mating system variation influences population persistence under rapid environmental change. Furthermore, we discuss how spatial and temporal mismatches between plants and their mutualists and antagonists could affect adaptive responses to climate change. For example, plant-virus interactions vary from highly pathogenic to mildly facilitative, and are partly mediated by temperature, moisture availability and [CO]. Will host plants exposed to novel, stressful abiotic conditions be more susceptible to viral pathogens? Finally, we propose novel experimental approaches that could illuminate how plants will cope with unprecedented global change, such as resurrection studies combined with experimental evolution, genomics or epigenetics.
当代气候变化使植物种群面临温度、干旱胁迫、[CO2]和其他非生物及生物条件的新组合。这些变化正在迅速破坏植物的进化动态。尽管气候变化具有多因素的性质，但大多数研究通常只操纵一个气候因素。在这篇观点文章中，我们探讨了气候变化因素如何相互作用以及与生物压力相互作用来改变进化过程。我们评估了气候变化在整个生活史阶段的影响，并研究了交配系统变异如何影响快速环境变化下的种群生存。此外，我们还讨论了植物与其共生体和天敌之间的时空不匹配如何影响对气候变化的适应性反应。例如，植物-病毒相互作用从高度致病性到轻度促进性不等，部分受温度、水分可利用性和[CO2]调节。暴露于新的、胁迫性非生物条件下的宿主植物是否更容易受到病毒病原体的侵害？最后，我们提出了一些新的实验方法，可以阐明植物将如何应对前所未有的全球变化，例如复苏研究与实验进化、基因组学或表观遗传学相结合。
