Canestrari Carla, Bongelli Ramona, Fermani Alessandra, Riccioni Ilaria, Bertolazzi Alessia, Muzi Morena, Burro Roberto
Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy.
Department of Political Science, Communication, International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 25;11:601574. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601574. eCollection 2020.
The study aimed to understand how coping strategies in general and humor-based coping strategies in particular modulate the perception of pandemic-related stress in a sample of Italian healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy. A total of 625 healthcare workers anonymously and voluntarily completed a 10-min questionnaire, which included psychometrically valid measurements preceded by a set of questions aimed at determining workers' exposure to COVID-19. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure healthcare workers' stress levels, and the Brief COPE Scale and Coping Humor Scale were used to assess participants' avoidant or approach coping style and verify the degree to which they relied on humor to cope with stress. The results show that (1) levels of perceived stress were higher in healthcare workers who were more exposed to COVID-19 (i.e., who came into contact with COVID-19 patients or worked in wards dedicated to COVID-19) in comparison to less-exposed workers; (2) participants who reported a higher use of avoidant coping strategies perceived the situation as more stressful than those who used them less; and (3) healthcare workers who reported higher use of humor-based coping strategies perceived the situation as less stressful in comparison with those who reported less use of coping humor. Such findings expanded other research studies by including coping humor as a potential factor to mitigate the perceived stress related to COVID-19. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for future research and limitations of the study.
该研究旨在了解一般应对策略，特别是基于幽默的应对策略，如何调节意大利医护人员样本在意大利冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情期间对大流行相关压力的认知。共有625名医护人员匿名且自愿完成了一份10分钟的问卷，其中包括心理测量有效的测量指标，之前还有一组旨在确定医护人员接触COVID-19情况的问题。感知压力量表用于测量医护人员的压力水平，简短应对方式量表和应对幽默量表用于评估参与者的回避或应对方式，并验证他们依赖幽默应对压力的程度。结果表明：（1）与接触较少的医护人员相比，接触COVID-19较多（即接触过COVID-19患者或在专门收治COVID-19患者的病房工作）的医护人员感知压力水平更高；（2）报告较多使用回避应对策略的参与者比使用较少的参与者更认为这种情况压力更大；（3）报告较多使用基于幽默的应对策略的医护人员比报告较少使用应对幽默的医护人员更认为这种情况压力较小。这些发现通过将应对幽默作为减轻与COVID-19相关的感知压力的潜在因素，扩展了其他研究。本文最后讨论了对未来研究的启示以及该研究的局限性。
