Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy.
Medicine Faculty, University of Padova, 35127 Padua, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2974. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042974.
Evidence suggests increased anxious-depressive symptoms in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, also in its second wave. High symptom variability across individuals suggests that risk and protective factors, including coping strategies, can play a mediating role.
General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Brief-COPE questionnaires were administered to people attending a COVID-19 point-of-care. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to test the association of symptoms with risk and protective factors.
A total of 3509 participants (27.5% with moderate-severe anxiety; 12% with depressive symptoms) were recruited. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including age, sex, sleep, physical activity, psychiatric treatments, parenthood, employment, and religiosity were associated with affective symptoms. Avoidant (self-distraction, venting, behavioral disengagement) and approach (emotional support, self-blame but not positive reframing and acceptance) coping strategies predicted greater anxiety. Avoidant strategies, including venting, denial, behavioral disengagement, substance use, and self-blame, and the humor strategy were associated with more severe depressive symptoms, while the planning predicted the opposite.
Coping strategies, in addition to socio-demographic and life-habit factors, could have contributed to modulating anxious and depressive symptoms during the second-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus advocating for interventions aimed at promoting positive coping strategies to reduce the psychosocial toll of the pandemic.
有证据表明，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，甚至在其第二波期间，普通人群的焦虑抑郁症状增加。个体之间的症状高度变异性表明，风险和保护因素，包括应对策略，可以发挥中介作用。
向在 COVID-19 护理点就诊的人群发放广泛性焦虑障碍 7 项量表、患者健康问卷 9 项量表和Brief-COPE 量表。使用单变量和多变量方法来检验症状与风险和保护因素之间的关联。
共招募了 3509 名参与者（27.5%有中度-重度焦虑；12%有抑郁症状）。社会人口统计学和生活方式因素，包括年龄、性别、睡眠、身体活动、精神科治疗、育儿、就业和宗教信仰，与情感症状有关。回避（自我分心、倾诉、行为脱离）和应对（情感支持、自责而非积极重新构建和接受）策略预测更大的焦虑。回避策略，包括倾诉、否认、行为脱离、物质使用和自责，以及幽默策略与更严重的抑郁症状相关，而计划则相反。
应对策略，除了社会人口统计学和生活习惯因素外，可能有助于调节 COVID-19 大流行第二波期间的焦虑和抑郁症状，因此提倡采取干预措施，促进积极的应对策略，减轻大流行的心理社会影响。
