Hameed Saif, Hans Sandeep, Monasky Ross, Thangamani Shankar, Fatima Zeeshan
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Manesar 122413, India.
Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
Pathogens. 2021 Feb 9;10(2):183. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020183.
Human fungal pathogens particularly of species are one of the major causes of hospital acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. The limited arsenal of antifungal drugs to treat infections with concomitant evolution of multidrug resistant strains further complicates the management of these infections. Therefore, deployment of novel strategies to surmount the infections requires immediate attention. The human body is a dynamic ecosystem having microbiota usually involving symbionts that benefit from the host, but in turn may act as commensal organisms or affect positively (mutualism) or negatively (pathogenic) the physiology and nourishment of the host. The composition of human microbiota has garnered a lot of recent attention, and despite the common occurrence of spp. within the microbiota, there is still an incomplete picture of relationships between spp. and other microorganism, as well as how such associations are governed. These relationships could be important to have a more holistic understanding of the human microbiota and its connection to infections. Understanding the mechanisms behind commensalism and pathogenesis is vital for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies for these infections. The concept of host-microbiota crosstalk plays critical roles in human health and microbiota dysbiosis and is responsible for various pathologies. Through this review, we attempted to analyze the types of human microbiota and provide an update on the current understanding in the context of health and infections. The information in this article will help as a resource for development of targeted microbial therapies such as pre-/pro-biotics and microbiota transplant that has gained advantage in recent times over antibiotics and established as novel therapeutic strategy.
人类真菌病原体，尤其是特定种类，是免疫功能低下患者医院获得性感染的主要原因之一。用于治疗感染的抗真菌药物种类有限，同时多重耐药菌株不断演变，这使得这些感染的管理更加复杂。因此，部署新策略来克服这些感染需要立即引起关注。人体是一个动态的生态系统，拥有微生物群，通常包括从宿主中受益的共生体，但反过来它们可能作为共生生物，或对宿主的生理和营养产生积极（共生）或消极（致病）影响。人类微生物群的组成最近受到了很多关注，尽管微生物群中普遍存在特定种类的真菌，但真菌与其他微生物之间的关系，以及这种关联是如何被调控的，仍然存在不完整的情况。这些关系对于更全面地理解人类微生物群及其与真菌感染的联系可能很重要。了解共生和发病机制背后的机制对于开发针对这些真菌感染的有效治疗策略至关重要。宿主-微生物群相互作用的概念在人类健康和微生物群失调中起着关键作用，并导致各种病理状况。通过这篇综述，我们试图分析人类微生物群的类型，并提供在健康和真菌感染背景下当前理解的最新情况。本文中的信息将有助于作为开发靶向微生物疗法（如益生元/益生菌和微生物群移植）的资源，这些疗法近年来已优于抗生素，并已成为一种新的治疗策略。
